Diagnosis in Chinese Medicine: A Comprehensive Guide

Front Cover
Diagnosis in Chinese Medicine
Copyright Page
Table Of Contents
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Note on the Translation of Chinese Terms
	End Notes
How to Use This Book
	How to move between different parts of the book
Index of Signs and Symptoms
1 Diagnosis by Observation
	Part Contents
	Introduction
	Relationship between the five senses, the nine orifices, and the internal organs
	Relationship between different areas of the face and the internal organs
		Yi Zong Jin Jian – Diagnosis (areas of face and Internal Organs)
			Comments
		Ling Shu, Chapter 49 (face areas and colours)
		Ling Shu, Chapter 29
		Su Wen, Chapter 32 (areas of face involved in febrile disease)
	Relationship between the five tissues and the internal organs
	Relationship between the five sites of Qi transportation and the Yin organs
	Manifestations of the five Yin organs
	The twelve cutaneous regions
	End Notes
	1 Observation of The Body, Mind and Complexion
		Introduction
		1. Correspondence between an individual part and the whole
			The face as a microsystem
			The ear as a microsystem
			Microsystems over the whole body
		2. Observation of constitutional traits
		End Notes
		1 Observation of the Body Shape, Physique and Demeanour
			Chapter Contents
			1. Classification of body shape according to yin and yang
				a) Body shape abundant in Yang
					Observation
					Clinical significance
					Quotations from the classics
				b) Body shape abundant in Yin
					Observation
					Clinical significance
					Quotations from the classics
				c) Body shape deficient in Yang
					Observation
					Clinical significance
				d) Body shape deficient in Yin
					Observation
					Clinical significance
				e) Body shape with Yin and Yang in balance
					Observation
					Clinical significance
					Quotations from the classics
			2. Classification of body shape according to the five elements
				a) Wood type
					Observation
					Clinical significance
					Quotations from the classics
				b) Fire type
					Observation
					Clinical significance
					Quotations from the classics
				c) Earth type
					Observation
					Clinical significance
					Quotations from the classics
				d) Metal type
					Observation
					Clinical significance
					Quotations from the classics
				e) Water type
					Observation
					Clinical significance
					Quotations from the classics
				f) Clinical application of the Five Element types
			3. Classification of body shape according to pre-natal and post-natal influences
				a) Body shape with strong pre-natal constitution
					Observation
					Clinical significance
					Quotations from the classics
				b) Body shape with weak pre-natal constitution
					Observation
					Clinical significance
					Quotations from the classics
				c) Body shape with strong post-natal Qi
					Observation
					Clinical significance
					Quotations from the classics
				d) Body shape with weak post-natal Qi
					Observation
					Clinical significance
					Quotations from the classics
			4. Classification according to type of body build
				a) Robust type
					Observation
					Clinical significance
					Quotations from the classics
				b) Compact type
					Observation
					Clinical significance
					Quotations from the classics
				c) Muscular type
					Observation
					Clinical significance
					Quotations from the classics
				d) Thin type
					Observation
					Clinical significance
					Quotations from the classics
				e) Overweight type
					Observation
					Clinical significance
			5. Classification of body shape according to pain and drug tolerance
				a) Body shape indicating high pain and drug tolerance
					Observation
					Clinical significance
					Quotations from the classics
				b) Body shape indicating low pain and drug tolerance
					Observation
					Clinical significance
					Quotations from the classics
			End Notes
		2 Observation of Mind, Spirit and Emotions
			Chapter Contents
			1. The three aspects of the Spirit
				a) The embodiment of the Spirit
					Observation
					Clinical significance
				b) The vitality of the Spirit
					Observation
					Clinical significance
				c) The lustre of the Spirit
					Observation
					Clinical significance
			2. The three conditions of the Spirit
				a) Strong Spirit
					Observation
					Clinical significance
				b) Weak Spirit
					Observation
					Clinical significance
				c) False Spirit
					Observation
					Clinical significance
			3. The Spirit and the constitution
				a) Strong Spirit and strong constitution
					Observation
					Clinical significance
				b) Weak Spirit and weak constitution
					Observation
					Clinical significance
				c) Weak Spirit and strong constitution
					Observation
					Clinical significance
				d) Strong Spirit and weak constitution
					Observation
					Clinical significance
			4. The Spirit and the emotions
				Eyes
				Complexion
				Tongue
			End Notes
		3 Observation of Complexion Colour
			Chapter Contents
			1. Introduction
				a) Dominant colours
				b) Guest colours
				c) Clinical significance of complexion colour and lustre
			2. Observation of different aspects of complexion colour
				a) Superficial or deep colour
					Observation
					Clinical significance
				b) Distinct or obscure colour
					Observation
					Clinical significance
				c) Scattered or concentrated colour
					Observation
					Clinical significance
				d) Thin or thick colour
					Observation
					Clinical significance
				e) Lustrous or lustreless colour
					Observation
					Clinical significance
				f) Conforming or opposing colour
					Observation
						i. Conforming or opposing colour according to pattern
						ii. Conforming or opposing colour according to the Five Elements
					Clinical significance
				g) Prognosis according to complexion colour
					Observation
						i. Presence or absence of lustre
						ii. Thin or thick colour
						iii. Conforming or rebellious colour according to area of the face
						iv. Conformity or deviation of colour according to season
				h) Changes in complexion colour during a disease
					Observation
					Clinical significance
				i) Complexion colours and emotions
			3. Complexion colours
				a) Normal complexion colour
					Observation
					Clinical significance
				b) White complexion colour
					Bright-white
						Observation
						Clinical significance
					Dull-white
						Observation
						Clinical significance
					Pale-white
						Observation
						Clinical significance
					Sallow-white
						Observation
						Clinical significance
					Bluish-white
						Observation
						Clinical significance
				c) Yellow complexion colour
					Dull-yellow
						Observation
						Clinical significance
					Greyish-yellow
						Observation
						Clinical significance
					Bluish-yellow
						Observation
						Clinical significance
					Floating, reddish-yellow
						Observation
						Clinical significance
					Floating yellow
						Observation
						Clinical significance
					Dry-yellow
						Observation
						Clinical significance
					Ash-like yellow
						Observation
						Clinical significance
					Rich-yellow
						Observation
						Clinical significance
					Bright-yellow (jaundice)
						Observation
						Clinical significance
				d) Red complexion colour
					Red cheeks
						Observation
						Clinical significance
					Red cheek-bones
						Observation
						Clinical significance
					Floating red
						Observation
						Clinical significance
				e) Bluish/greenish complexion colour
					Pale-greenish under the eyes
						Observation
						Clinical significance
					Dark-bluish under the eyes
						Observation
						Clinical significance
					White-bluish
						Observation
						Clinical significance
					Dull-bluish
						Observation
						Clinical significance
					Bluish
						Observation
						Clinical significance
					Greenish
						Observation
						Clinical significance
				f) Dark complexion colour
					Dark and dry
						Observation
						Clinical significance
					Dull-dark
						Observation
						Clinical significance
					Faint-dark
						Observation
						Clinical significance
					Very dark
						Observation
						Clinical significance
				g) Purple complexion colour
					Reddish-purple
						Observation
						Clinical significance
					Bluish-purple
						Observation
						Clinical significance
			End Notes
		4 Observation of Body Movements
			Chapter Contents
			1. Head
				a) Tremor of the head
					Observation
					Clinical significance
				b) Rigidity of the neck
					Observation
					Clinical significance
			2. Face
				a) Deviation of eyes and mouth
					Observation
					Clinical significance
				b) Facial paralysis (Bell’s palsy)
					Observation
					Clinical significance
				c) Facial tic
					Observation
					Clinical significance
			3. Limbs and body
				a) Paralysis
					Observation
					Clinical significance
				b) Tremor or spasticity of the limbs
					Observation
					Clinical significance
				c) Twitching of the muscles
					Observation
					Clinical significance
				d) Opisthotonos
					Observation
					Clinical significance
				e) Contraction of the limbs
					Observation
					Clinical significance
				f) Hemiplegia
					Observation
					Clinical significance
				g) Tremor of the hands
					Observation
					Clinical significance
				h) Tremor of the feet
					Observation
					Clinical significance
				i) Contraction of the fingers
					Observation
					Clinical significance
			End Note
	2 Parts of The Body
		5 Observation of the Head, Face and Hair
			Chapter Contents
			1. Head
				a) Dry scalp
				b) Redness and pain of the scalp
				c) Tremor of the head
				d) Swelling of the whole head
				e) Boils on the scalp
				f) Ulcers on the scalp
				g) Ulcers in the mastoid region
				h) Erosion of the scalp
				i) Head leaning to one side
				j) Head tilted backwards
				k) Late closure of the fontanelles
			2. Face
				a) Acne
				b) Papular/macular eruptions
				c) Oedema of the face
				d) Swelling and redness of the face
				e) Swelling, redness and pain of the cheeks
				f) Ulcers below the zygomatic arch
				g) Lines on the face
				h) Deviation of eye and mouth
			3. Hair
				a) Hair falling out
					Observation
					Clinical significance
				b) Alopecia
					Observation
					Clinical significance
				c) Dry and brittle hair
					Observation
					Clinical significance
				d) Greasy hair
				e) Premature greying of the hair
					Observation
					Clinical significance
				f) Dandruff
					Observation
					Clinical significance
		6 Observation of the Eyes
			Chapter Contents
			1. Relationship between the internal organs and the eyes
				a) The eyes and the liver
				b) The eyes and the kidneys
				c) The eyes and the heart
				d) The eyes and the stomach and spleen
				e) The eyes and the gall-bladder
				f) The eyes and the bladder
				g) The eyes and the small intestine
				h) The five wheels
				i) The eight ramparts
				j) The eye system
			2. Aspects of observation of the eyes
				a) The lustre of the eyes
				b) The control of the eyes
				c) The normal eye
			3. Observation of pathological signs of the eye
				1. Colour
					a) Yellow
					b) Red
					c) Bluish-Greenish
					d) Dark
				2. Other features
					a) White specks
					b) Protruding eyeball
					c) Sunken eyeball
					d) Strabismus
					e) Staring, fixed eyes
					f) Abnormal colour of the eyelids
					g) Swollen eyelids
					h) Streaming eyes
					i) Discharge from the eyes
					j) Abnormal colours of the corners of the eyes
					k) Abnormal colour of the eye sockets
					l) Ling Shu Chapter (eye blood vessels diagnosis)
			End Notes
		7 Observation of the Nose
			Chapter Contents
			1. Pale nose
			2. Yellow nose
			3. Red nose
			4. Bluish-greenish nose
			5. Reddish-purple nose
			6. Dark nose
			7. Swollen nose
			8. Flapping alae nasi (the outside of the nostrils)
			9. Polyps
			10. Dry nostrils
			11. Nosebleed
			12. Ulcers on the nose
			13. Papules on the nose
			End Notes
		8 Observation of the Lips, Mouth, Palate, Teeth, Gums and Philtrum
			Chapter Contents
			1. Lips
				a) Pale lips
				b) Red lips
				c) Purple lips
				d) Bluish-greenish lips
				e) Yellow lips
				f) Dry or cracked lips
				g) Peeled lips
				h) Swollen lips
				i) Trembling lips
				j) Inverted lips
				k) Drooping lips
				l) Abnormal lip colour in pregnancy
			2. Mouth
				a) Cold sores
				b) Cracked corners of the mouth
				c) Mouth ulcers
				d) Mouth open
				e) Deviation of the mouth
				f) Dribbling from the corners of the mouth
			3. Palate
				a) Pale palate
				b) Dull-pale palate
				c) Yellow palate
				d) Red palate
				e) Purple palate
			4. Teeth
				a) Tooth cavities
				b) Loose teeth
				c) Plaque
				d) Dry and white teeth
				e) Dry and dull teeth
				f) Yellow and dry teeth
				g) Grey teeth
				h) Upper teeth moist and lower teeth dry
			5. Gums
				a) Inflamed gums
				b) Bleeding gums
				c) Receding gums
				d) Gums oozing pus
				e) Pale gums
				f) Red gums
				g) Purple gums
			6. Philtrum
				a) Flat philtrum
				b) Stiff-looking philtrum
				c) Pale philtrum
				d) Red philtrum
				e) Bluish-greenish philtrum (qing)
				f) Dark philtrum
			End Notes
		9 Observation of the Ears
			Chapter Contents
			1. Large ears
			2. Small ears
			3. Swollen ears
			4. Contracted ears
			5. Dry and contracted helix
			6. Sores on the ear
			7. Warts on the ear
			8. Yellow helix
			9. Pale helix
			10. Bluish-greenish (qing) helix
			11. Dark helix
			12. Red helix
			13. Red back of the ear
			14. Distended blood vessels on the ear
			15. Excessive wax production
			16. Swelling and redness of the concha
			17. Discharge from the ears
			End Notes
		10 Observation of Throat and Neck
			Chapter Contents
			1. Throat
				a) Redness on the throat
				b) Goitre
				c) Pulsation of the carotid artery
				d) Observation of the pharynx
				e) Swollen tonsils
			Case History
				Diagnosis
				Treatment principle
				Treatment
				f) Red and swollen tonsils
				g) Red and swollen tonsils with exudate
				h) Greyish tonsils
			2. Neck
				a) Long neck
				b) Short neck
				c) Rigidity of the neck
				d) Soft neck
				e) Deviated neck
				f) Wide neck
				g) Thin neck
				h) Swollen neck glands
		11 Observation of the Back
			Chapter Contents
			1. Spine bent forward
			2. Atrophy of the muscles along the spine
			3. Spots on the back
			4. Scoliosis
			5. Lordosis
			6. Kyphosis
			7. Flattening of the lumbar spine
			8. List of the spine
			9. Rigidity of the lower back
			10. Vesicles on the lower back
			11. Dryness and redness of the skin of the lower back
			12. Yellow colour of the lower back
			13. Skin marks on the lower back
			14. Boil on BL-23 shenshu
			15. Papules or pustules on the buttocks
		12 Observation of Female Breasts
			Chapter Contents
			1. Breast distension
			2. Swollen breasts
			3. Small breasts
			4. Breast lumps
			Case History
				Diagnosis
			5. Redness and swelling of the breasts
			6. Milky nipple discharge
			7. Sticky-yellow nipple discharge
			8. Bloody discharge from the nipple
			9. Inverted nipples
			10. Cracked nipples
			11. Peau d’orange
			End Note
		13 Observation of the Heartbeat
			Chapter Contents
			The pulsation of Xu Li
			1. Heartbeat displaced downwards
			2. Heartbeat displaced upwards
			3. Heartbeat displaced to the left
			4. Heartbeat displaced to the right
			5. Heartbeat below the xyphoid process
			End Note
		14 Observation of the Hands
			Chapter Contents
			1. Pale hands
			2. Red dorsum of the hands
			3. Red palms
			4. Venules on the thenar eminence
			5. Atrophy of the thenar eminence
			6. Atrophy of the muscles of the dorsum of the hands
			7. Tremor of the hands
			8. Contraction of the fingers
			9. Spoon-shaped fingers
			10. Thin, pointed fingers
			11. Swollen fingers
			12. Cracked fingers
			13. Tinea (ringworm)
			14. Thickened fingers like cocoons
			15. Shrivelled and wrinkled fingers
			16. Deformed knuckles
			17. Dry, cracked, peeling palms
			18. Sweaty palms
			19. Hand lines
				a) Description of the lines
				b) Description of abnormal signs on the lines
				c) Diseases indicated on the lines
					Diseases of the digestive system
					Circulatory diseases
					Respiratory diseases
					Diseases of the urinary system
					Diseases of the reproductive system
					Cancer
			End Notes
		15 Observation of the Nails
			Chapter Contents
			1. Ridged nails
			2. Indented nails
			3. Thin and brittle nails
			4. Thickening of the nails
			5. Coarse and thick nails
			6. Withered and brittle nails
			7. Withered and thickened nails
			8. Cracked nails
			9. Twisted nails
			10. Nails falling off
			11. Nails with white spots
			12. Pale-white nails
			13. Dull-white nails
			14. Red nails
			15. Yellow nails
			16. Bluish-greenish nails
			17. Dark nails
			18. Purple nails
			19. Curling nails
			20. Flaking nails
			21. Lunulae
			22. Correspondence of nails to organ systems
				a) Thumb
				b) Index finger
				c) Middle finger
				d) Ring finger
				e) Little finger
		16 Observation of the Chest and Abdomen
			Chapter Contents
			1. Chest
				a) Protruding chest
				b) Sunken chest
				c) Protruding sternum
				d) Chest sunken on one side
				e) Chest protruding on one side
				f) Gynaecomastia
			2. Abdomen
				a) Abdominal distension
				b) Thin abdomen
				c) Large abdomen
				d) Sagging lower abdomen
				e) Lumps in the epigastrium
				f) Abdominal masses
				g) Oedema of the abdomen
				h) Protruding umbilicus
				i) Sunken umbilicus
				j) Distended abdominal veins
				k) Lines on the abdomen
				l) Maculae on the abdomen
				m) Small hypochondrial lumps
		17 Observation of the Genitalia
			Chapter Contents
			1. Pubic hair
				a) Loss of pubic hair
				b) Excessive pubic hair
			2. Scrotum
				a) Contracted scrotum
				b) Loose scrotum
				c) Scrotum drooping on one side
				d) Swollen scrotum
				e) Swollen and oozing scrotum
				f) Pale scrotum
				g) Red scrotum
				h) Purple scrotum
				i) Dark scrotum
			3. Penis
				a) Redness and swelling of the glans penis
				b) Ulcers on the penis
				c) Peyronie’s disease
				d) Priapism
				e) Soft and withered penis
				f) Long penis in children
			4. Vulva and vagina
				a) Vulvar sores
				b) Leukoplakia
				c) Swelling of the vulva
				d) Prolapse of the vagina
			End Note
		18 Observation of the Four Limbs
			Chapter Contents
			1. Atrophy of the four limbs
			2. Flaccidity of the four limbs
			3. Rigidity of the four limbs
			4. Paralysis of the four limbs
			5. Contraction of the four limbs
			6. Convulsions of the four limbs
			7. Tremor or spasticity of the four limbs
			8. Swelling of the joints of the four limbs
			9. Oedema of the four limbs
		19 Observation of the Legs
			Chapter Contents
			1. Legs
				a) Oedema of the legs
			Case History
				Diagnosis
				b) Atrophy of the legs
				c) Paralysis
				d) Arched legs
			2. Gait
				a) Festination
				b) Unstable gait
				c) Staggering gait
				d) Stepping gait
				e) Shuffling gait
		20 Observation of Excretions
			Chapter Contents
			1. Sputum
			2. Nasal discharge
			3. Sweat
			4. Lochia
			5. Urine
			6. Stools
				a) Consistency
				b) Shape
				c) Colour
			7. Vaginal discharge
				a) Colour
				b) Consistency
			8. Menstrual blood
				a) Colour
				b) Consistency
		21 Observation of the Skin
			Chapter Contents
			Overview
				Skin layers
				The skin and the lungs
				The skin and the stomach and spleen
				The skin and the kidneys
				The skin and the liver
				The skin and the heart
				The skin and the connecting channels
			1. Skin signs
				a) Skin colour
					i) Pale body-skin
					ii) Red body-skin
					iii) Yellow body-skin
					iv) Bluish-greenish body-skin
					v) Dark body-skin
				b) Skin texture
					i) Lustre
					ii) Moisture
					iii) Texture
					iv) Growths
				c) Skin of the forearm (inner aspect)
				d) The space between the skin and the muscles (Cou Li)
				e) Body hair
				f) Macules
					i) Red macules
					ii) Purple macules
					iii) Black macules
					iv) White macules
				g) Papules
				h) Vesicles
				i) Pustules
				j) Dry skin
				k) Greasy skin
				l) Swelling of the skin
				m) Scales
				n) Erosion of the skin
				o) Rashes
					i) Measles, German measles, and chickenpox
				p) Fissures
				q) Skin ulcers
					i) Western pathology and diagnosis
					ii) Chinese pathology and diagnosis
				r) Dermographism
			2. Skin diseases
				a) Eczema
					i) Western pathology and diagnosis
					ii) Chinese pathology and diagnosis
			Case History
				Diagnosis
				b) Acne
					i) Western pathology and diagnosis
					ii) Chinese pathology and diagnosis
				c) Psoriasis
					i) Western pathology and diagnosis
					ii) Chinese pathology and diagnosis
				d) Urticaria
					i) Western pathology and diagnosis
					ii) Chinese pathology and diagnosis
				e) Naevi
					i) Western pathology and diagnosis
					ii) Chinese pathology and diagnosis
				f) Malignant melanoma
					i) Western pathology and diagnosis
					ii) Chinese pathology and diagnosis
				g) Tinea
					i) Western pathology and diagnosis
					ii) Chinese pathology and diagnosis
				h) Candida
					i) Western pathology and diagnosis
					ii) Chinese pathology and diagnosis
				i) Herpes simplex
					i) Western pathology and diagnosis
					ii) Chinese pathology and diagnosis
				j) Herpes zoster
					i) Western pathology and diagnosis
					ii) Chinese pathology and diagnosis
				k) Warts
					i) Western pathology and diagnosis
					ii) Chinese pathology and diagnosis
				l) Rosacea
					i) Western pathology and diagnosis
					ii) Chinese pathology and diagnosis
			End Notes
			References
		22 Observation of Children
			Chapter Contents
			1. Complexion
				a) Red complexion
				b) Yellow complexion
				c) Pale complexion
				d) Bluish-greenish complexion
			2. Orifices
				a) Eyes
				b) Ears
				c) Nose
				d) Mouth
				e) Urethra and anus
			3. Body movement
			4. Spinal muscles
			5. Veins on the index finger
				a) Depth of colour
				b) Intensity of colour
				c) Actual colour
				d) Movement of veins
				e) Concentration of colour
				f) Length of veins
				g) Thickness
			6. Creases on the index finger
			7. Root of the nose
	3 Tongue Diagnosis
		Introduction
		23 Tongue Diagnosis
			Chapter Contents
			General principles
			1. Conditions for examining the tongue
				a) Lighting
				b) Techniques of observation of the tongue
				c) External factors affecting the colour of the tongue
					Medicines
			2. Areas of the tongue
			3. Clinical significance of the tongue
				a) Tongue-body colour
				b) Tongue-body shape
				c) Tongue coating
				d) Tongue spirit
			End Note
		24 Tongue-Body Colour
			Chapter Contents
			1. Tongue spirit
			2. Tongue-body colour
				a) Pale
				b) Red
					i) Red points
					ii) Red points in external diseases
				c) Purple
			3. Sublingual veins
			End Note
		25 Tongue-Body Shape
			Chapter Contents
			1. Thin
			2. Swollen
			3. Partially swollen
			4. Stiff
			5. Flaccid
			6. Long
			7. Short
			8. Cracked
			9. Deviated
			10. Moving
			11. Quivering
			12. Tooth-marked
		26 Tongue Coating
			Chapter Contents
			1. Physiology of the tongue coating
			2. Clinical significance of the tongue coating
			3. Presence or absence of a coating
			4. Coating with or without root
			5. Coating thickness
			6. Coating distribution
			7. Coating moisture
			8. Coating texture
				a) Sticky coating
				b) Slippery coating
				c) Mouldy coating
			9. Tongue coating in external diseases
		27 Tongue Images and Patterns
			Chapter Contents
			1. Qi deficiency
			2. Yang deficiency
			3. Blood deficiency
			4. Yin deficiency
			5. Phlegm and dampness
			6. Heat
			7. Cold
			8. Qi and blood stagnation
			9. Internal wind
			10. External invasions of wind
2 Diagnosis by Interrogation
	28 Introduction
		Chapter Contents
		1. Nature of diagnosis by interrogation
			a) Su Wen, Chapter 77
			b) Su Wen, Chapter 78
		2. Nature of ‘symptoms’ in Chinese medicine
			a) Tongue and pulse
		3. The art of interrogation: asking the right questions
		4. Terminology problems in interrogation
		5. Patients’ expressions
		6. Pitfalls to avoid in interrogation
		7. Procedure for interrogation
		8. Timescale of symptoms
		9. Integration of interrogation with observation
		10. Identification of patterns and interrogation
		11. Tongue and pulse diagnosis: integration with interrogation
		Case History
		Case History
		Case History (see Fig. 28.4)
		Case History (Fig. 28.5)
		12. The 10 traditional questions
			a) Limitations of the 10 traditional questions
			b) Questions on emotional state
			c) Questions about sexual life
			d) Questions on energy levels
		13. The 16 questions
		End Notes
	29 Pain
		Chapter Contents
		WHY we ask
		WHEN we ask
		HOW we ask
			Location of pain
			Nature of pain
			Timing of pain
			Factors affecting pain
		1. Area of pain
		2. Nature of pain
			a) Soreness
			b) Pain with a sensation of heaviness
			c) Distending pain
			d) Pain with a feeling of fullness
			e) Pain with a feeling of emptiness
			f) Pain with a feeling of cold
			g) Burning pain
			h) Colicky pain
			i) Spastic pain
			j) Pain with a distressing feeling
			k) Pain with a sensation of stuffiness
			l) Pushing pain
			m) Pulling pain
			n) Cutting pain
			o) Throbbing pain
			p) Boring pain
			q) Lurking pain
		3. Time of pain
		4. Factors affecting pain
			a) Pressure
			b) Temperature
			c) Food and drink
			d) Bowel movement
			e) Movement and rest
		5. Organ versus channel pain
	30 Food and Taste
		Chapter Contents
		Why we ask
		When we ask
		How we ask
		1. Introduction
		2. Main patterns of digestive symptoms
			a) Qi deficiency
			b) Qi stagnation
			c) Qi rebellious
			d) Blood stasis
			e) Dampness
			f) Phlegm
			g) Retention of food
		3. Food
		4. Appetite
			a) Excessive hunger
			b) Aversion to food
			c) Hunger but no desire to eat
		5. Taste
		6. Nausea and vomiting
		Case History
			Diagnosis
		7. Belching
		8. Sour regurgitation
		Case History
			Diagnosis
	31 Stools and Urine
		Chapter Contents
		Why we ask
		When we ask
		How we ask
		1. Stools
			a) Frequency
			b) Consistency
		Case History
			Diagnosis
			c) Shape
			d) Colour
			e) Odour and sounds
			f) Abdominal pain related to evacuation
		Case History
			Diagnosis
		2. Urine
			a) Frequency
			b) Colour
			c) Amount
			d) Difficulty in micturition
			e) Cloudiness
			f) Incontinence
			g) Urination at night
			h) Pain
			i) Smell
	32 Thirst and Drink
		Chapter Contents
		Why we ask
		When we ask
		How we ask
		1. Thirst
		2. Dry mouth
		3. Preference for hot or cold drinks
		4. Absence of thirst
		Case History
			Diagnosis
	33 Energy Levels
		Chapter Contents
		WHY we ask
		WHEN we ask
		HOW we ask
		1. Historical background
		2. Patterns causing tiredness
		Case History
			Diagnosis
		Case History
			Diagnosis
		Case History
			Diagnosis
		Case History
			Diagnosis
		Case History
			Diagnosis
		Case History
			Diagnosis
		Case History
			Diagnosis
		Case History
			Diagnosis
		End Notes
	34 Head
		Chapter Contents
		WHY we ask
		WHEN we ask
		HOW we ask
		1. Headache
			a) Onset
			b) Time
			c) Location
			d) Character of pain
			e) Ameliorating or aggravating factors
			f) Headaches of internal origin
			g) Headaches of external origin
		Case History
			Diagnosis
		Case History
			Diagnosis
		Case History
			Diagnosis
		Case History
			Diagnosis
		Case History
			Diagnosis
		Case History
			Diagnosis
		2. Dizziness
		WHY we ask
		WHEN we ask
		HOW we ask
		Case History
			Diagnosis
		3. Feeling of distension of the head
		4. Feeling of heaviness of the head
		5. Feeling of muzziness (fuzziness) of the head
		6. Brain noise
		7. Numbness/tingling of the skin of the head
		8. Itchy scalp
		9. Feeling of cold of the head
		10. Feeling of heat of the head
		11. Fainting
		Case History
			Diagnosis
	35 Face
		Chapter Contents
		WHY we ask
		WHEN we ask
		HOW we ask
		1. Face
			a) Feeling of heat of the face
				i) Feeling of heat in the face in women
				ii) Feeling of heat in the face in men
			b) Facial pain
			c) Feeling of numbness/tingling of the face
		2. Nose
			a) Blocked nose
			b) Itchy nose
			c) Sneezing
			d) Nose ache
			e) Nose pain
			f) Dry nostrils
			g) Loss of sense of smell
			h) Runny nose
		3. Teeth and gums
			a) Toothache
			b) Inflamed gums
			c) Bleeding gums
			d) Receding gums
		4. Mouth and lips
			a) Mouth ulcers
			b) Cold sores
		5. Tongue
			a) Itchy tongue
			b) Numbness of the tongue
			c) Tongue pain
		End Notes
	36 Throat and Neck
		Chapter Contents
		WHY we ask
		WHEN we ask
		HOW we ask
		1. Throat
			a) Sore throat
				i) Sore throat of external origin
				ii) Sore throat of internal origin
			b) Dry throat
			c) Itchy throat
			d) Hoarse voice
			e) Feeling of obstruction in the throat
			f) Swollen and red tonsils
				i) Acute conditions
				ii) Chronic conditions
		Case History
			Diagnosis
		2. Neck
			a) Goitre
			b) Painful or stiff neck
		End Note
	37 Body
		Chapter Contents
		WHY we ask
		WHEN we ask
		HOW we ask
		1. Aches in the whole body
		2. Pain in the joints
		3. Lower backache
		4. Numbness/tingling
		5. Itching
		6. Loss of weight
		7. Obesity
	38 Chest and Abdomen
		Chapter Contents
		1. Chest
		WHY we ask
		WHEN we ask
		HOW we ask
			a) Cough
				i) Acute cough
				ii) Chronic cough
		Case History
			Diagnosis
		b) Chest pain
		c) Pain in the ribs
		d) Feeling of oppression of the chest
		e) Feeling of heat in the chest
		f) Palpitations
		Case History
			Diagnosis
		2. Abdomen
		WHY we ask
		WHEN we ask
		HOW we ask
			a) Sensations
				i) Distension
				ii) Pain
				iii) Fullness
				iv) Stuffiness
			b) Areas of abdominal pain
				i) Area under the xyphoid process
				ii) Epigastrium
					Epigastrium manifestation on the tongue
					Epigastrium manifestation on the pulse
				iii) Hypochondrium
		Case History
			Diagnosis
		iv) Umbilical area
		v) Central-lower abdominal area
		Case History
			Diagnosis
			Treatment
		vi) Right-lateral lower abdominal area
		vii) Left-Lateral Lower Abdominal Area
	39 Limbs
		Chapter Contents
		WHY we ask
		WHEN we ask
		HOW we ask
		1. Weakness of the limbs
		2. Difficulty in walking (atrophy/flaccidity of limbs)
		3. Feeling of distension of the limbs
		4. Numbness/tingling of the limbs
		Case History
			Diagnosis
		5. Generalized joint pain
		Case History
			Diagnosis
		6. Tremor of limbs
		Case History
			Diagnosis
		Case History
			Diagnosis
		7. Pain and inability to raise the arm
		8. Pain in the elbow
		9. Pain in the hands
		10. Cold hands
		11. Hot hands
		12. Itchy hands
		13. Numbness/tingling of the hands
		14. Oedema of the hands
		15. Pain in the hip
		16. Pain in the thigh
		17. Pain in the knees
		18. Weak knees
		19. Cold feet
		20. Pain in the feet
		21. Oedema of the feet
		22. Pain in the soles
		23. Burning sensation in the soles
		24. Feeling of heaviness of the limbs
		25. Cramps in the calves
		26. Muscle ache in the limbs
	40 Sleep
		Chapter Contents
		WHY we ask
		WHEN we ask
		HOW we ask
		1. Insomnia
		2. Excessive dreaming
		3. Somnolence
	41 Sweating
		Chapter Contents
		WHY we ask
		WHEN we ask
		HOW we ask
		1. Clinical significance of sweating in exterior patterns
		2. Clinical significance of sweating in interior patterns
		3. Pathology of sweating
		4. Classification of sweating
			A) Area of body
			B) Time of day
			C) Condition of illness
			D) Quality of sweat
		5. Absence of sweating
	42 Ears and Eyes
		Chapter Contents
		1. Ears
		WHY we ask
		WHEN we ask
		HOW we ask
			a) Tinnitus
		Case History
			Diagnosis
			b) Deafness
			c) Earache
			d) Itchy ears
		1. Eyes
		WHY we ask
		WHEN we ask
		HOW we ask
			a) Eye pain
				i) Full or Empty character of eye pain
				ii) Radiation of pain
				iii) Eye pain of internal or external origin
			b) Blurred vision
			c) Itchy eyes
			d) Feeling of distension of the eyes
			e) Streaming eyes
			f) Dry eyes
	43 Feeling of Cold, Feeling of Heat and Fever
		Chapter Contents
		WHY we ask
		WHEN we ask
		HOW we ask
		Terminology
		1. Feeling of cold
			a) Feeling of cold in interior conditions
			b) Feeling of cold in exterior conditions
				i) External invasions
				ii) Wind-Cold versus Wind-Heat
			c) How to distinguish between external and internal causes of feeling of cold
				i) Differentiation of pathology of a feeling of cold from external or internal causes
		2. Simultaneous feeling of cold and fever in exterior conditions
			Cold feeling (‘aversion to cold’) in exterior patterns
			Fever in exterior patterns
			Simultaneous fever and feeling of cold
			Pathology of fever
			Degrees of fever
			a) Wind-Cold and Wind-Heat
				i) Factors determining the development of Wind-Cold or Wind-Heat
				ii) Clinical manifestations of Wind-Heat and Wind-Cold
				iii) Wind-Cold: differentiation between ‘Attack of Wind’ and ‘Attack of Cold’
			b) Summer-Heat
			c) Damp-Heat
			d) Dry-Heat
		3. Alternating feeling of cold and feeling of heat
		Case History
			Diagnosis
		4. Feeling of heat from internal causes
		5. Internal fever
			a) Acute Fever
				The Four Levels
					Heat in the Lungs (Qi level)
						Clinical manifestations
					Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs (Qi level)
						Clinical manifestations
					Heat in Bright Yang–Channel pattern
						Clinical manifestations
					Heat in Bright Yang–Organ pattern
						Clinical manifestations
					Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Intestines
						Clinical manifestations
					Heat at Nutritive-Qi Level
						Clinical manifestations
					Heat at Blood Level
						Clinical manifestations
					Damp-Heat in the Gall-Bladder and Liver
						Clinical manifestations
					Damp-Heat in the Bladder
						Clinical manifestations
			b) Chronic fever
				i) Empty Heat from Yin deficiency
					Clinical manifestations
				ii) Qi deficiency
					Clinical manifestations
				iii) Blood deficiency
					Clinical manifestations
				iv) Stagnant Liver-Qi turned into Heat
					Clinical manifestations
				v) Blood stasis
					Clinical manifestations
		6. Five-palm heat
		7. Contradictory feelings of cold and heat in internal conditions
			a) Simultaneous deficiency of Kidney-Yin and Kidney-Yang
			b) Blood deficiency
			c) Disharmony of the Penetrating Vessel
			d) Yin Fire
		End Notes
	44 Mental-Emotional Symptoms
		Chapter Contents
		WHY we ask
		WHEN we ask
		HOW we ask
		1. Depression
			a) Definition of depression
			b) Diagnosis of depression
			c) Depression in Chinese medicine
			d) Patterns in depression
		2. Fear/anxiety
		Case History
			Diagnosis
		3. Irritability/anger
		4. Worry
		5. Sadness and grief
		Case History
			Diagnosis
		6. Excess joy
		7. Mental restlessness
		End Notes
	45 Sexual Symptoms
		Chapter Contents
		WHY we ask
		WHEN we ask
		HOW we ask
		1. Men
			a) Impotence
			b) Lack of libido
			c) Premature ejaculation
			d) Nocturnal emissions
			e) Tiredness and dizziness after ejaculation
		2. Women
			a) Lack of libido
			b) Headache soon after orgasm
		End Note
	46 Women’s Symptoms
		Chapter Contents
		WHY we ask
		WHEN we ask
		HOW we ask
		Case History
			Diagnosis
		1. Menstruation
			a) Menarche
			b) Cycle
			c) Amount of bleeding
		Case History
			Diagnosis
			d) Colour
			e) Consistency
			f) Pain
				i) Time of pain
				ii) Nature of pain
		Case History
			Diagnosis
		Case History
			Diagnosis
		Case History
			Diagnosis
			g) Premenstrual symptoms
		Case History
			Diagnosis
			h) Other symptoms occurring around menstruation
		2. Vaginal discharge
			a) Colour
			b) Consistency
			c) Smell
		3. Fertility and pregnancy
		Case History
			Diagnosis
		Case History
			Diagnosis
		Case History
			Diagnosis
		4. Childbirth
		5. Lactation
		6. Miscarriage and abortion
		7. Breast symptoms
			a) Premenstrual breast distension
			b) Breast lumps
		Case History
			Diagnosis
		8. Menopause
		End Note
	47 Children’s Symptoms
		Chapter Contents
		1. Mother’s pregnancy
		2. Childbirth
		3. Post-partum problems
		4. Childhood diseases
		5. Digestive symptoms
		6. Respiratory symptoms and earache
			a) Cough and wheezing
			b) Earache
			c) Chronic catarrh
		7. Sleep
		8. Immunizations
		9. Slow development
	48 Diagnosis of the Causes of Disease
		Chapter Contents
		1. Interactions between causes of disease
			a) Interaction of trauma with climate
			b) Interaction of hereditary weak constitution with diet
			c) Interaction of emotional problems at puberty and overwork
			d) Interaction of weak heart constitution and emotional problems
		2. The five stages of life
			a) Childhood
			b) Adolescence
			c) Young adulthood
			d) Middle age
			e) Old age
		3. The causes of disease
			a) Heredity
				i) Weak-Spleen constitution
				ii) Weak-Lung constitution
				iii) Weak-Heart constitution
				iv) Weak-Liver constitution
				v) Weak-Kidney constitution
			b) Emotions
				i) Anger
				ii) Joy
				iii) Worry
				iv) Pensiveness
				v) Sadness and grief
				vi) Fear
				vii) Shock
				viii) Love
				ix) Hatred
				x) Craving
				xi) Guilt
			c) Overwork
			d) Diet
				i) Choice of foods
					Eating too much cold food
					Eating too much hot food
					Eating too much greasy food
					Not eating enough
				ii) Eating habits
			e) Climate
			f) Trauma
			g) Drugs, including immunizations
			h) Recreational drugs
				i) Excessive sexual activity
		End Notes
3 Diagnosis by Palpation
	49 Pulse Diagnosis
		Chapter Contents
		1. Introduction
			Su Wen, Chapter 17 (best time to take the pulse)
			a) The pulse identifies organ and pattern disharmony
			b) The pulse gives us an idea of the state of Qi and Blood as a whole
		2. The ‘nine regions’ of the pulse from the ‘yellow emperor’s internal classic’
			Su Wen, Chapter 20 (nine regions of the pulse)
		3. The pulse in the ‘classic of difficulties’
		4. The three sections of the pulse
		5. Assignment of pulse positions to organs
			a) Organ positions on the pulse
				i) ‘Classic of Difficulties’ (Nan Jing, AD 100)
				ii) ‘Pulse Classic’ (Mai Jing, AD 280)
				iii) ‘The Study of the Pulse from Pin Hu Lake’ (Pin Hu Mai Xue, 1564)
				iv) ‘The Golden Mirror of Medicine’ (Yi Zong Jin Jian, 1742)
				v) Modern China
			b) Reconciling different pulse arrangements
				i) Yin and Yang organ as reflected on the pulse
				ii) The acupuncturist’s and herbalist’s perspectives in pulse diagnosis
				iii) Small and Large Intestine channels versus organs in pulse diagnosis
				iv) Clinical significance of pulse diagnosis irrespective of organ positions
				v) Clinical interpretation of the pulse in acute versus chronic conditions
				vi) The pulse as a reflection of Heart-Qi
		6. The three levels
		7. Method of pulse-taking
			a) Time
			b) Levelling the arm
			c) Equalizing the breathing
			d) Placing the fingers
				i) Placing the fingers
				ii) Arranging the fingers
				iii) Regulating the fingers
				iv) Using the fingers
				v) Moving the fingers
		8. Factors affecting the pulse
			a) Season
			b) Sex
			c) Age
			d) Body build
			e) Menstruation
			f) Pregnancy
			g) Fan Guan Mai and Xie Fei Mai
				i) Fan Guan Mai
				ii) Xie Fei Mai
		9. Attributes of the normal pulse
			a) Spirit
			b) Stomach-Qi
			c) Root
		10. Guidelines for interpreting the pulse
			a) Feeling the pulse as a whole with three fingers
			b) Feeling the spirit, Stomach-Qi and root
			c) Feeling the three positions together first and then individually
			d) Feeling the three levels
			e) Feeling the overall quality of the pulse, if there is one
			f) Feeling the pulse quality, strength and level of each individual position by rolling and pushing the fingers
			g) Counting the pulse rate
		11. Clinical application of pulse diagnosis
			a) The pulse is often crucial in clinching a diagnosis
		Case History
			b) The pulse is essential to distinguish deficiency from excess
			c) The pulse is essential to determine the treatment principle
			d) The pulse in emotional problems
		Case History
			e) The pulse as an indicator of an organ problem
			f) The pulse as an indicator of a heart problem
		Case History
		Case History
		Case History
			g) The pulse does not necessarily reflect all the aspects of a disharmony
			h) The pulse indicates disharmonies beyond the presenting patterns
			i) The pulse can indicate an underlying deficiency in the absence of symptoms
			j) The pulse in cancer
		12. Integration of pulse and tongue diagnosis
			a) Qi and Blood
			b) Time factor
			c) When the pulse is rapid and the tongue is not red
			d) When the pulse is slow and the tongue is red
			e) Pulse diagnosis adds detail to tongue diagnosis
		13. Limitations of pulse diagnosis
			a) It is subjective
			b) It is subject to short-term influences
		End Notes
	50 Pulse Qualities
		Chapter Contents
		The eight basic pulse qualities
			1. Floating
				a) Pulse description
				b) Clinical significance
				c) Combinations
					i) Exterior conditions
					ii) Interior Conditions
				d) Differentiation of similar pulse qualities
				e) Clinical significance in each position
					Li Shi Zhen
			2. Deep
				a) Pulse description
				b) Clinical significance
					i) Deep-Full
					ii) Deep-Weak
				c) Combinations
				d) Differentiation of similar pulses
				e) Clinical significance in each position
					Li Shi Zhen
			3. Slow
				a) Pulse description
				b) Clinical significance
					i) Common Cold conditions manifesting with a Slow pulse
					ii) Contradictory manifestations characterized by a Slow pulse and Heat symptoms
					iii) The Slow pulse and jogging
					iv) Situations that may cause a Slow pulse without involving Cold
				c) Combinations
				d) Differentiation of similar pulses
				e) Clinical significance in each position
					Li Shi Zhen
			4. Rapid
				a) Pulse description
				b) Clinical significance
				c) Combinations
				d) Differentiation of similar pulses
				e) Clinical significance in each position
					Li Shi Zhen
			5. Empty
				a) Pulse description
				b) Clinical significance
				c) Combinations
				d) Differentiation of similar pulses
				e) Clinical significance in each position
					Li Shi Zhen
			6. Full
				a) Pulse description
				b) Clinical significance
				c) Combinations
				d) Differentiation of similar pulses
				e) Clinical significance in each position
					Li Shi Zhen
			7. Slippery
				a) Pulse description
				b) Clinical significance
				c) Combinations
				d) Differentiation of similar pulses
				e) Clinical significance in each position
					Li Shi Zhen
			8. Choppy
				a) Pulse description
				b) Clinical significance
				c) Combinations
				d) Differentiation of similar pulses
				e) Clinical significance in each position
					Li Shi Zhen
		Empty-type pulses
			9. Weak
				a) Pulse description
				b) Clinical significance
				c) Combinations
				d) Differentiation of similar pulses
				e) Clinical significance in each position
					Li Shi Zhen
			10. Fine
				a) Pulse description
				b) Clinical significance
				c) Combinations
				d) Differentiation of similar pulses
				e) Clinical significance in each position
					Li Shi Zhen
			11. Minute
				a) Pulse description
				b) Clinical significance
				c) Combinations
				d) Differentiation of similar pulses
				e) Clinical significance in each position
					Li Shi Zhen
			12. Soggy (weak-floating)
				a) Pulse description
				b) Clinical significance
				c) Combinations
				d) Differentiation of similar pulses
				e) Clinical significance in each position
					Li Shi Zhen
			13. Short
				a) Pulse description
				b) Clinical significance
				c) Combinations
				d) Differentiation of similar pulses
				e) Clinical significance in each position
					Li Shi Zhen
			14. Hollow
				a) Pulse description
				b) Clinical significance
				c) Combinations
				d) Differentiation of similar pulses
				e) Clinical significance in each position
					Li Shi Zhen
			15. Leather
				a) Pulse description
				b) Clinical significance
				c) Combinations
				d) Differentiation of similar pulses
				e) Clinical significance in each position
					Li Shi Zhen
			16. Hidden
				a) Pulse description
				b) Clinical significance
				c) Combinations
				d) Differentiation of similar pulses
				e) Clinical significance in each position
					Li Shi Zhen
			17. Scattered
				a) Pulse description
				b) Clinical significance
				c) Combinations
				d) Differentiation of similar pulses
				e) Clinical significance in each position
					Li Shi Zhen
		Full-type pulses
			18. Wiry
				a) Pulse description
				b) Clinical significance
				c) Combinations
				d) Differentiation of similar pulses
				e) Clinical significance in each position
					Li Shi Zhen
			19. Tight
				a) Pulse description
				b) Clinical significance
				c) Combinations
				d) Differentiation of similar pulses
				e) Clinical significance in each position
					Li Shi Zhen
			20. Overflowing
				a) Pulse description
				b) Clinical significance
					i) Overflowing with strength
					ii) Overflowing without strength
				c) Combinations
				d) Differentiation of similar pulses
				e) Clinical significance in each position
					Li Shi Zhen
			21. Big
				a) Pulse description
				b) Clinical significance
					i) Big with strength
					ii) Big without strength
				c) Combinations
				d) Differentiation of similar pulses
				e) Clinical significance in each position
			22. Firm
				a) Pulse description
				b) Clinical significance
				c) Combinations
				d) Differentiation of similar pulses
				e) Clinical significance in each position
					Li Shi Zhen
			23. Long
				a) Pulse description
				b) Clinical significance
				c) Combinations
				d) Differentiation of similar pulses
				e) Clinical significance in each position
					Li Shi Zhen
			24. Moving
				a) Pulse description
				b) Clinical significance
				c) Combinations
				d) Differentiation of similar pulses
				e) Clinical significance in each position
					Li Shi Zhen
		Pulses with irregularities of rate or rhythm
			25. Knotted
				a) Pulse description
				b) Clinical significance
					i) Knotted with strength
					ii) Knotted without strength
				c) Combinations
				d) Clinical significance in each position
				e) Clinical significance in each position
			26. Hasty
				a) Pulse description
				b) Clinical significance
				c) Combinations
				d) Differentiation of similar pulses
				e) Clinical significance in each position
			27. Hurried
				a) Pulse description
				b) Clinical significance
				c) Combinations
				d) Differentiation of similar pulses
				e) Clinical significance in each position
			28. Intermittent
				a) Pulse description
				b) Clinical significance
				c) Combinations
				d) Differentiation of similar pulses
				e) Clinical significance in each position
			29. Slowed-down
				a) Pulse description
				b) Clinical significance
				c) Combinations
				d) Differentiation of similar pulses
				e) Clinical significance in each position
		Three nontraditional pulse qualities
			30. Irregular
				a) Pulse description
				b) Clinical significance
				c) Combinations
				d) Differentiation of similar pulses
				e) Clinical significance in each position
			31. Stagnant
				a) Pulse description
				c) Combinations
				c) Combinations
				d) Differentiation of similar pulses
				e) Clinical significance in each position
			32. Sad
				a) Pulse description
				b) Clinical significance
				c) Combinations
				d) Differentiation of similar pulses
				e) Clinical significance in each position
		Classification of pulse qualities
			1. The eight basic groups of pulse qualities
				a) Floating pulses
				b) Deep pulses
				c) Slow pulses
				d) Rapid pulses
				e) Slippery pulses
				f) Choppy pulses
				g) Empty pulses
				h) Full pulses
			2. The different aspects for the classification of pulse qualities
				a) According to depth
				b) According to rate
				c) According to strength
				d) According to size
				e) According to length
				f) According to shape
				g) According to rhythm
			3. Classification of pulse qualities according to qi, blood and body fluids patterns
				a) Qi deficiency
				b) Yang deficiency
				c) Blood deficiency
				d) Yin deficiency
				e) Qi stagnation
				f) Blood stasis
				g) Phlegm
				h) Dampness
			4. Classification of pulse qualities according to the eight principles
				a) Yin-Yang
					i) Yang deficiency:
					ii) Yin deficiency:
					iii) Collapse of Yang:
					iv) Collapse of Yin:
				b) Exterior-Interior
					i) Exterior:
					ii) Interior:
				c) Heat-Cold
					i) Heat:
					ii) Cold:
				d) Deficiency-Excess
					i) Deficiency:
					ii) Excess:
			5. Classification of pulse qualities according to the six stages patterns
			6. Classification of pulse qualities according to the four levels patterns
			7. Classification of pulse qualities according to the triple burner patterns
		Terminology
			The pulse positions in detail
			1. Left-front position (heart)
				a) Overflowing
				b) Short
				c) Weak
				d) Floating
				e) Slippery
				f) Hollow
				g) Choppy
				h) Wiry
			2. Left-middle position (liver)
				a) Floating
				b) Deep
				c) Slippery
				d) Overflowing
				e) Wiry
			3. Left-rear position (kidney)
				a) Floating
				b) Deep
				c) Slippery
				d) Weak
				e) Fine
				f) Overflowing
				g) Hollow
			4. Right-front position (lung)
				a) Floating
				b) Slippery
				c) Overflowing
				d) Hollow
			5. Right-middle position (stomach and spleen)
				a) Floating
				b) Wiry
				c) Weak
				d) Fine
				e) Slippery
				f) Soggy
				g) Hollow
			6. Right-rear position (small intestine and kidneys)
				a) Floating
				b) Weak
				c) Slippery
				d) Wiry
		Pulse qualities indicating dangerous conditions
			a) Boiling cauldron pulse
			b) Circling fish pulse
			c) Swimming shrimp pulse
			d) Leaking roof pulse
			e) Pecking bird pulse
			f) Untying rope pulse
			g) Bouncing stone pulse
			h) Upturned knife pulse
			i) Spinning bean pulse
			j) Sesame seed hasty pulse
		The influence of drugs on the pulse
			1. Tranquilizers and hypnotics
			2. Antidepressants
				a) Tricyclic antidepressants
				b) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
				c) Monoamine oxydase inhibitors (MAOIs)
			3. Beta-blockers
			4. ACE-inhibitors
			5. Warfarin
			6. Diuretics
			7. H2-receptor antagonists
			8. Insulin
		End Notes
	51 Palpation of Parts of the Body
		Chapter Contents
		1. Palpation of the chest and abdomen
			a) Introduction
				i) Temperature
				ii) Texture
				iii) Distension versus fullness
				iv) Tenderness
				v) Lumps
				vi) Umbilical pulse
			b) Palpation of the chest
				i) Apical pulse
				ii) Chest
				iii) Breast
			c) Palpation of the abdomen
				i) Hypochondrium
				ii) Epigastrium
				iii) Umbilical region
				iv) Central abdomen
				v) Lateral-lower abdomen
				vi) Central-lower abdomen
		2. Palpation of the skin
			a) Body skin
				i) Temperature
				ii) Moisture
				iii) Texture
				iv) Forehead
			b) Forearm diagnosis
			Ling Shu Chapter 74 (forearm diagnosis)
			c) Palpation of temples in children
		3. Palpation of hands and feet
			a) Temperature
			b) Palpation and comparison of dorsum and palm
			c) Palpation of feet and hands in children
			d) Palpation of the nails
		4. Palpation of acupuncture points
			a) Introduction
			b) Front-Collecting (Mu) points
			c) Back-Transporting (Bei Shu) points
			d) Source (Yuan) points
		End Notes
	52 Palpation of Channels
		Chapter Outline
		1. The connecting channels
			Palpation
		2. The muscle channels
			Characteristics
			Functions
			Palpation
		3. Palpation of the channels in painful obstruction syndrome (Bi)
		4. Palpation of channels
			a) Lung channel
				i) Palpation of blood vessel
				ii) Palpation of skin
					Temperature
					Texture
					Tenderness
			b) Large intestine channel
				i) Palpation of blood vessel
				ii) Palpation of skin
					Temperature
					Texture
					Tenderness
			c) Stomach channel
				i) Palpation of blood vessel
					ST-42 Chongyang
					ST-9 Renying
				ii) Palpation of skin
					Temperature
					Texture
					Tenderness
			d) Spleen channel
				i) Palpation of blood vessel
				ii) Palpation of skin
					Temperature
					Texture
					Tenderness
			e) Heart channel
				i) Palpation of blood vessel
				ii) Palpation of skin
					Temperature
					Texture
					Tenderness
			f) Small intestine channel
				i) Palpation of blood vessel
				ii) Palpation of skin
					Temperature
					Texture
					Tenderness
			g) Bladder channel
				i) Palpation of blood vessel
				ii) Palpation of skin
					Temperature
					Texture
					Tenderness
			h) Kidney channel
				i) Palpation of blood vessel
				ii) Palpation of skin
					Temperature
					Texture
					Tenderness
			i) Pericardium channel
				i) Palpation of blood vessel
				ii) Palpation of skin
					Temperature
					Texture
					Tenderness
			j) Triple burner channel
				i) Palpation of blood vessel
				ii) Palpation of skin
					Temperature
					Texture
					Tenderness
			k) Gall-Bladder channel
				i) Palpation of blood vessel
				ii) Palpation of skin
					Temperature
					Texture
					Tenderness
			l) Liver channel
				i) Palpation of blood vessel
				ii) Palpation of skin
					Temperature
					Texture
					Tenderness
		End Notes
4 Diagnosis by Hearing and Smelling
	Introduction
	End Notes
	53 Diagnosis by Hearing
		Chapter Contents
		Introduction
		1. Voice
			a) Normal voice
			b) The voice and the Five Elements
			c) Strength and quality of the voice
				i) Nasal voice
				ii) Hoarse voice
				iii) Snoring
				iv) Groaning
				v) Crying out
				vi) Stuttering
		2. Speech
		3. Crying in babies
		4. Breathing and sighing
			a) Breathing
			b) Pathological breathing sounds
			c) Sighing
		5. Coughing and sneezing
			a) Coughing
			b) Sneezing
		6. Hiccup
			Acupuncture
		7. Belching
			Acupuncture
		8. Vomiting
			Acupuncture
		9. Sighing
		End Notes
	54 Diagnosis by Smelling
		Chapter Outline
		Clinical significance
		1. Body odour
		2. Odour of bodily secretions
			a) Breath
			b) Sweat
			c) Sputum
			d) Urine and stools
			e) Vaginal discharge and lochia
			f) Intestinal gas
5 Symptoms and Signs
	Introduction
		Section 1
		Section 2
		Section 3
	1 Symptoms and signs of parts of the body
		Introduction
		55 Head and Face
			Chapter Contents
			1. Head
				a) Dizziness
					Empty
						Liver-Blood deficiency
							Acupuncture
					Kidney deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Full
						Liver-Yang rising
							Acupuncture
					Liver-Wind
						Acupuncture
					Phlegm obstructing the head
						Acupuncture
					Other patterns
						Liver-Fire
					Qi and Blood deficiency of the Spleen and Heart
					Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
				b) Fainting
					Empty
						Heart-Blood deficiency
							Acupuncture
					Liver-Blood deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Full
						Phlegm obstructing the clear orifices
							Acupuncture
					Other patterns
						Heart-Yin deficiency
					Liver-Yin deficiency
					Kidney-Yang deficiency and deficiency of the Original Qi
					Liver-Qi stagnation with Liver-Qi rebelling upwards to cloud the orifices
					Blood-Heat with Liver-Fire blazing upwards to cloud the orifices
					Retention of Food
				c) Feeling of heaviness of the head
					Full
						Damp-Phlegm
							Acupuncture
					Dampness
						Acupuncture
				d) Headache
					Full
						Liver-Yang rising
							Acupuncture
					Dampness obstructing the head
						Acupuncture
					Turbid Phlegm obstructing the head
						Acupuncture
					Liver-Yang rising with Phlegm obstructing the head
						Acupuncture
					Empty
						Blood deficiency
							Acupuncture
					Other patterns
						Wind-Phlegm
					Liver-Fire
					Liver-Wind
					Liver-Qi stagnation
					Blood stasis
					Stomach-Heat
					Qi deficiency
					Kidney deficiency
					Retention of Food
					Invasion of Wind-Cold
					Invasion of Wind-Heat
					Invasion of Wind-Dampness
					Greater-Yang channels
						Acupuncture
					Bright-Yang channels
						Acupuncture
					Lesser-Yang channels
						Acupuncture
					Greater-Yin channels
						Acupuncture
					Lesser-Yin channels
						Acupuncture
					Terminal-Yin channels
						Acupuncture
				e) Feeling of distension of the head
					Full
						Liver-Yang rising
							Acupuncture
					Other patterns
						Liver-Fire
					Invasion of Wind-Heat
				f) Feeling of muzziness (fuzziness) of the head
					Full
						Phlegm
							Acupuncture
					Dampness
						Acupuncture
				g) Feeling of cold of the head
					Empty
						Governing Vessel Empty and Cold
							Acupuncture
					Other patterns
						Cold in the Liver Channel
				h) Feeling of heat of the head
					Full
						Liver-Fire
							Acupuncture
					Stomach-Heat
						Acupuncture
					Empty
						Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
							Acupuncture
					Yin Fire
						Acupuncture
					Empty Heat from Blood deficiency
						Acupuncture
				i) Numbness of the head
					Empty
						Liver-Blood deficiency
							Acupuncture
					Full
						Damp-Phlegm
							Acupuncture
					Other patterns
						Liver-Wind
				j) Drooping head
					Empty
						Emptiness of the Sea of Marrow
							Acupuncture
					Other patterns
						Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
				k) Leaning of the head to one side
					Empty
						Emptiness of the Sea of Marrow
							Acupuncture
					Other patterns
						Spleen-Qi sinking
				l) Tremor of the head
					Full
						Liver-Wind
							Acupuncture
					Empty
						Empty-Wind from Blood deficiency
							Acupuncture
					Empty-Wind from Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
				m) Brain noise
					Empty
						Emptiness of the Sea of Marrow
							Acupuncture
					Other patterns
						Deficiency of Qi and Blood of the Spleen and Heart
					Phlegm-Heat rising
					Liver-Qi stagnation
				n) Swelling of the whole head
					‘Big Head Warm Disease’ (invasion of Toxic Heat in the head)
				o) Ulcers in the mastoid region
					Full
						Damp-Heat in the Gall-Bladder channel
							Acupuncture
					Other patterns
						Liver-Fire
				p) Head tilted backwards
					Internal Wind in acute febrile diseases
			2. Hair and scalp
				a) Premature graying of the hair
					Empty
						Liver and Kidney deficiency
							Acupuncture
					Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
						Acupuncture
					Kidney-Essence deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Other patterns
						Liver-Blood deficiency
					Deficiency of Qi and Blood
					Liver- and Heart-Fire
					Liver-Qi stagnation
				b) Hair falling out
					Empty
						Kidney deficiency
							Acupuncture
					Liver-Blood deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Other patterns
						Blood Heat from Liver-Fire
				c) Alopecia
					Empty
						Empty Liver-Wind from Blood deficiency
							Acupuncture
					Full
						Full Liver-Wind
							Acupuncture
					Other patterns
						Blood Heat from Liver-Fire
					Liver-Blood stasis
				d) Dry and brittle hair
					Empty
						Liver-Blood deficiency
							Acupuncture
					Kidney-Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Other patterns
						Deficiency of Qi and Blood
					Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
					Loss of blood
				e) Greasy hair
					Full
						Dampness
							Acupuncture
					Damp-Heat
						Acupuncture
					Phlegm
						Acupuncture
				f) Dandruff
					Empty
						Liver-Blood deficient and dry
							Acupuncture
					Other patterns
						Liver-Blood deficiency with Liver-Wind
					Liver-Fire
					Damp-Heat in the Liver
					Toxic Heat
					Invasion of Wind-Heat and Dryness
				g) Itchy scalp
					Empty
						Liver-Blood deficiency
							Acupuncture
					Empty/Full
						Liver-Blood deficiency with Liver-Wind
							Acupuncture
					Other patterns
						Liver-Yin deficiency
					Liver-Fire
					Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
				h) Dry scalp
					Empty
						Liver-Yin deficiency
							Acupuncture
					Kidney-Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
				i) Redness and pain of the scalp
					Invasion of Wind-Heat
					Liver-Fire
				j) Boils on the scalp
					Full
						Liver-Fire
							Acupuncture
					Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
						Acupuncture
					Other patterns
						Toxic Heat in the head
				k) Erosion of the scalp
					Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
				l) Ulcers on the scalp
					Liver-Fire
					Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
					Heat in the Governing Vessel
			3. Face
				a) Acne
					Full
						Damp-Heat in the skin
							Acupuncture
					Toxic Heat in the skin
						Acupuncture
					Toxic Heat with Blood stasis in the skin
						Acupuncture
					Heat in the Lungs and Stomach
						Acupuncture
					Empty/Full
						Spleen-Qi deficiency with Dampness
							Acupuncture
					Other patterns
						Damp-Phlegm in the skin
					Damp-Phlegm with Blood stasis in the skin
					Disharmony of Penetrating and Directing Vessels
				b) Feeling of heat of the face
					Full
						Liver-Yang rising
							Acupuncture
					Liver-Fire
						Acupuncture
					Heart-Fire
						Acupuncture
					Lung-Heat
						Acupuncture
					Stomach-Heat
						Acupuncture
					Empty/Full
						Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
							Acupuncture
					Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
						Acupuncture
					Lung-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
						Acupuncture
					Stomach-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
						Acupuncture
					Other patterns
						Damp-Heat in the Spleen
					Spleen-Heat
					Spleen-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
					Yin-Fire
				c) Facial pain
					Full
						Liver-Fire
							Acupuncture
					Damp-Heat
						Acupuncture
					Blood stasis
						Acupuncture
					Other patterns
						Invasion of Wind-Cold in the channels
					Invasion of Wind-Heat in the channels
					Deficiency of Qi and Blood
					Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
					Yin deficiency with Empty Heat and internal Wind
					Phlegm-Heat
					Yin deficiency with Phlegm-Heat
				d) Numbness of the face
					Empty
						Blood deficiency
							Acupuncture
					Full
						Liver-Wind
							Acupuncture
					Wind-Phlegm
						Acupuncture
					Other patterns
						Stomach-Fire
					Invasion of Wind
				e) Oedema of the face
					Empty
						Lung-Qi deficiency
							Acupuncture
					Spleen-Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Other patterns
						Wind-Water invading the Lungs
				f) Tic
					Full
						Liver-Wind
							Acupuncture
					Empty/Full
						Liver-Blood deficiency leading to Liver-Wind
							Acupuncture
					Other patterns
						Liver-Wind and Phlegm
					Liver-Qi stagnation
					External Invasion of Wind-Cold in the channels of the face
				g) Deviation of the eye and mouth
					Full
						Liver-Wind
							Acupuncture
					External invasion of Wind-Cold in the channels of the face
						Acupuncture
					Other patterns
						Liver-Wind and Phlegm
					Liver-Qi stagnation
					Deficiency of Qi and Blood
					Toxic Heat in the channels of the face
				h) Facial paralysis
					Full
						External invasion of Wind-Cold in the channels of the face
							Acupuncture
				i) Papular/macular eruptions
					Lung-Heat
					Blood-Heat
				j) Swelling and redness of the face
					Invasion of Toxic Heat
				k) Swelling, redness, and pain of the cheeks
					Toxic Heat in the face
				l) Ulcers below the zygomatic arch
					Toxic Heat in the Stomach
				m) Lines on the face
					Blood deficiency
					Heat with dryness
			End Notes
		56 Face Colour
			Chapter Contents
			1. White/pale
				a) Empty
					Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Blood deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Full
					Full Cold
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Qi deficiency
					Collapse of Yang
					Invasion of Wind-Cold
					Heat stagnating in the Interior (True Heat – False Cold)
			2. Yellow
				a) Full
					Dampness
						Acupuncture
					Chronic Damp-Heat
						Acupuncture
				b) Empty
					Chronic Spleen-Qi deficiency
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Liver-Blood deficiency
					Spleen-Qi deficiency with stagnation of Liver-Qi
					Damp-Heat with Blood stasis
					Stomach-Heat
					Stomach-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
					Spleen-Heat
					Blood stasis
					Invasion of Wind-Heat
					Invasion of Wind-Dampness
			3. Red
				a) Full
					Full Heat
						Acupuncture
					Liver-Yang rising
						Acupuncture
					Damp-Heat
						Acupuncture
				b) Empty/Full
					Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Blood deficiency with Empty Heat
					Yin-Fire
					Invasion of Wind-Heat
					Deficient Yang floating
			4. Bluish/greenish
				a) Full
					Full Cold
						Acupuncture
					Liver-Qi stagnation
						Acupuncture
				b) Empty
					Heart- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Lung- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Chronic pain
					Liver-Qi stagnation
					Liver-Wind
			5. Purple
				a) Full
					Blood stasis from Cold
						Acupuncture
					Blood stasis from Heat
						Acupuncture
			6. Dark
				a) Empty
					Severe Kidney-Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Full
					Severe Blood stasis
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Kidney-Essence deficiency
			7. Sallow
				a) Empty
					Chronic Spleen-Qi deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Full
					Blood deficiency
						Acupuncture
				c) Empty/Full
					Spleen-Qi deficiency with Dampness
						Acupuncture
				d) Other patterns
					Blood stasis
			8. Blushing
				a) Full
					Heart-Heat
						Acupuncture
				b) Empty/Full
					Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Liver-Yang rising
					Liver-Fire
					Lung-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
		57 Ears
			Chapter Contents
			1. Tinnitus and/or deafness
				a) Empty
					Kidney deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Full
					Liver-Yang rising
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Liver-Fire
					Phlegm-Fire affecting the Liver channel
					Heart- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
					Heart-Blood deficiency
					Heart- and Lung-Qi deficiency (deficiency of Gathering-Qi)
					Liver-Blood deficiency
					Invasion of Wind-Heat (in the Lesser Yang channels)
			2. Itchy ears
				a) Full
					Damp-Heat in the Gall-Bladder
						Acupuncture
					Invasion of Wind-Heat
						Acupuncture
				b) Other patterns
					Blood deficiency with Internal Wind
					Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
			3. Earache
				a) Full
					Invasion of Wind-Heat
						Acupuncture
					Damp-Heat in the Gall-Bladder
						Acupuncture
				b) Other patterns
					Liver-Fire
					Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
			4. Bleeding from the ears
				a) Damp-Heat in the Gall-Bladder
				b) Liver-Fire
				c) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				d) Spleen-Qi deficiency
			5. Discharge from the ears
				a) Full
					Damp-Heat in the Gall-Bladder
						Acupuncture
					Invasion of Wind-Heat
						Acupuncture
				b) Other patterns
					Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
					Toxic Heat in the Liver and Gall-Bladder
					Spleen-Qi deficiency with Dampness
			6. Excessive wax production
				a) Phlegm
				b) Damp-Heat in the Gall-Bladder
				c) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
				d) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				e) Toxic Heat with Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
			7. Swollen ears
				a) Damp-Heat in the Gall-Bladder
				b) Heat in the Gall-Bladder
				c) Invasion of Wind-Water in the Lungs
			8. Contracted ears
				a) Kidney-Yin deficiency
				b) Aftermath of acute Heat in febrile diseases
				c) Severe Blood stasis in the abdomen with abdominal masses
			9. Dry and contracted helix
				a) Blood stasis
				b) Blood stasis with Damp-Heat
				c) Kidney-Yin deficiency
			10. Sores on the ear
				a) Heat in the Gall-Bladder and Liver
				b) Invasion of Wind-Heat in the Lesser Yang channels
			11. Warts on the ear
				a) Heat in the Gall-Bladder and Liver
				b) Stomach-Fire
			12. Yellow helix
				a) Damp-Heat in the Gall-Bladder
				b) Blood stasis deriving from Heat (Liver and Gall-Bladder)
			13. Pale helix
				a) Yang deficiency
				b) Blood deficiency
			14. Bluish-greenish (qing) helix
				a) Blood stasis from Heat
				b) Blood stasis from Cold
				c) Internal Wind in children
			15. Dark helix
				a) Blood stasis
				b) Blood stasis from Cold
				c) Chronic Heat
			16. Red helix
				a) Lung-Heat
				b) Heart-Fire
				c) Heat in the Lesser-Yang channels
				d) Damp-Heat in the Liver and Gall-Bladder
				e) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
			17. Red back of the ear
				a) Invasion of Wind-Heat (especially in children)
				b) Measles
			18. Distended blood vessels on the ear
				a) Lung deficiency with Phlegm-Heat
				b) Blood stasis
				c) Damp-Heat in the Gall-Bladder
				d) Heart-Heat
			19. Swelling and redness of the concha
				a) Damp-Heat in the Gall-Bladder
				b) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				c) Toxic Heat
		58 Nose
			Chapter Contents
			1. Pale nose
				a) Stomach- and Spleen-Yang deficiency with Empty Cold
				b) Liver-Blood deficiency
				c) Phlegm-Fluids
			2. Yellow nose
				a) Damp-Heat in the Spleen
				b) Chronic Spleen-Qi deficiency with retention of Dampness
				c) Liver-Blood stasis
				d) Spleen-Heat
				e) Phlegm-Fluids
			3. Red nose
				a) Lung-Heat
				b) Liver-Fire
				c) Spleen-Heat
				d) Invasion of Wind-Heat
			4. Bluish-greenish nose
				a) Liver-Blood stasis
				b) Internal Cold
				c) Phlegm-Fluids
			5. Reddish-purple nose
				a) Liver-Blood stasis
				b) Heart-Blood stasis
				c) Blood stasis in the Stomach
			6. Dark nose
				a) Liver-Fire
				b) Exhaustion (Xu Lao)
			7. Sneezing
				a) Full
					Invasion of Wind
						Acupuncture
				b) Empty
					Lung-Qi deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Kidney-Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
			8. Blocked nose
				a) Full
					Invasion of Wind
						Acupuncture
					Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
						Acupuncture
				b) Empty
					Lung- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Lung-Heat
					Heat in the Gall-Bladder
					Damp-Heat in the Liver and Gall-Bladder
					Lung- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
					Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
			9. Runny nose
				a) Full
					Invasion of Wind-Cold
						Acupuncture
					Invasion of Wind-Heat
						Acupuncture
				b) Empty
					Lung-Qi deficiency with Empty Cold
						Acupuncture
					Kidney-Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
					Toxic Heat in the Lungs and Stomach
			10. Itchy nose
				a) Invasion of Wind
				b) Dry-Heat in the Lungs
				c) Toxic Heat in the Lungs
				d) Damp-Heat in the Spleen channel
				e) Lung-Qi deficiency
				f) Lung-Qi and Kidney-Yang deficiency (Governing Vessel deficient)
				g) Nose Childhood Nutritional Impairment
			11. Dry nostrils
				a) Dryness injuring the Lungs
				b) Lung-Heat
				c) Stomach-Heat
				d) Lung-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				e) Stomach-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				f) Lung- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
				g) Blood stasis
				h) Invasion of Wind-Heat
				i) Invasion of Wind-Dryness
				j)Toxic Heat in the Lungs
			12. Nose bleed
				a) Liver-Fire insulting the Lungs
				b) Acute Lung-Heat
				c) Spleen-Qi deficiency
				d) Stomach-Fire
				e) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				f) Liver-Blood stasis
				g) Invasion of Wind-Heat
				h) Residual Dry Heat in the Lungs
				i) Collapse of both Yin and Yang
			13. Nose ache
				a) Invasion of Wind-Heat
				b) Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
				c) Lung- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
			14. Nose pain
				a) Invasion of Wind
				b) Lung- and Stomach-Heat
				c) Stomach channel Damp-Heat
				d) Lung-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				e) Liver-Blood stasis
				f) Carcinoma of the nose
			15. Swollen nose
				a) Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
				b) Lung-Heat
				c) Liver-Fire
				d) Heart-Fire
				e) Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				f) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				g) Damp-Phlegm in the Lungs
				h) Toxic Heat in the Lungs
				i) Toxic Heat at Nutritive-Qi or Blood level
				j) Heat Childhood Nutritional Impairment
				k) Worms in children
			16. Bad smell
				a) Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
				b) Lung-Qi deficiency with Damp-Heat
				c) Damp-Heat in the Gall-Bladder and Liver
				d) Spleen-Qi deficiency with Damp-Heat
			17. Loss of sense of smell
				a) Full
					Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
						Acupuncture
					Invasion of Wind-Heat
						Acupuncture
				b) Empty
					Lung- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Deficiency of Qi and Blood
					Damp-Heat in the Gall-Bladder
					Cold-Dampness in the Stomach and Spleen
					Blood stasis in the Lungs
			18. Polyps
				a) Full
					Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
						Acupuncture
				b) Other patterns
					Cold-Dampness in the Stomach and Spleen
					Phlegm in the Lungs
			19. Flapping alae nasi (outside of the nostrils)
				a) Acute Lung-Heat
				b) Lung-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				c) Invasion of Wind-Heat
			20. Ulcers on the nose
				a) Lung-Heat
				b) Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
				c) Liver-Fire
				d) Toxic Heat in the Liver
			21. Papules on the nose
				a) Stomach-Heat
				b) Lung-Heat
				c) Blood-Heat in the Lungs
		59 Throat
			Chapter Contents
			1. Sore throat
				a) Full
					Invasion of Wind-Heat
						Acupuncture
				b) Empty/Full
					Lung- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
						Acupuncture
				c) Other Patterns
					Damp-Heat in the Stomach
					Stomach-Fire
					Deficiency of Qi and Yin
					Qi stagnation
			2. Redness of the pharynx
				a) Invasion of Wind-Heat
				b) Stomach-Heat
				c) Lung-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				d) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
			3. Redness and swelling of the pharynx
				a) Full
					Invasion of Wind-Heat with Toxic Heat
						Acupuncture
					Heat in the Lungs and Stomach
						Acupuncture
					Toxic Heat
						Acupuncture
				b) Empty/Full
					Lung- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
						Acupuncture
			4. Redness and erosion of the pharynx
				a) Full
					Heat in the Stomach and Intestines
						Acupuncture
				b) Empty/Full
					Lung-Yin and Stomach-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Toxic Heat
					Severe Yin deficiency
					Blood stasis with Phlegm-Heat
			5. Swollen tonsils
				a) Full
					Invasion of Wind-Heat with Toxic Heat
						Acupuncture
					Toxic Heat in the throat at the Qi level
						Acupuncture
					Toxic Heat in the Stomach and Intestines
						Acupuncture
				b) Empty/Full
					Stomach- and Lung-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
						Acupuncture
			6. Phlegm in the throat
				a) Full
					Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
						Acupuncture
					Damp-Phlegm in the Lungs
						Acupuncture
				b) Other patterns
					Phlegm with Lung-Qi stagnation
					Phlegm obstructing the clear orifices
					Phlegm-Heat and Wind
					Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
			7. Goitre (swelling of the sides of the neck)
				a) Full
					Qi stagnation and Phlegm
						Acupuncture
					Liver-Fire blazing with Phlegm-Heat
						Acupuncture
				b) Full-Empty
					Liver-Qi stagnation, Spleen-Qi deficiency and Phlegm
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Blood stasis and Phlegm
					Heart- and Liver-Yin deficiency with Phlegm
			8. Itchy throat
				a) Invasion of Wind
				b) Lung-Yin deficiency
				c) Lung Dryness
				d) Dryness invading the Lungs
			9. Dry throat
				a) Empty
					Lung-Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Kidney-Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Other patterns
					Stomach-Yin deficiency
					Liver-Yin deficiency
					Invasion of Wind-Heat
					Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
					Heat in the Liver and Gall-Bladder
					Lesser Yang pattern (6 Stages)
					Gall-Bladder Heat pattern (Qi level of 4 levels)
					Wind-Dryness-Heat invading the Lungs
			10. Hoarse voice or loss of voice
				a) Empty
					Lung- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Lung-Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Other patterns
					Invasion of Wind-Heat and Dryness
					Lung-Heat
					Blood stasis and Phlegm
			11. White purulent spots in the throat
				a) Epidemic Toxic Heat on the Exterior
				b) Epidemic Toxic Heat in the Interior
				c) Turbid Phlegm in the throat
				d) Lung- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
				e) Lung- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				f) Heat in the Lungs and Stomach
				g) Kidney-Yang deficiency
			12. Feeling of obstruction of the throat
				a) Full
					Liver-Qi stagnation
						Acupuncture
					Lung- and Stomach-Qi stagnation
						Acupuncture
					Qi stagnation and Phlegm
						Acupuncture
				b) Other patterns
					Lung-Yin deficiency
					Kidney-Yin deficiency
			13. Redness on the throat
				a) Heart-Fire
				b) Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				c) Lung-Heat
				d) Lung-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				e) Liver-Yang rising
				f) Liver-Fire
		60 Mouth, Tongue, Teeth, Gums, Lips, Palate, and Philtrum
			Chapter Contents
			1. Mouth
				a) Mouth ulcers
					Full
						Stomach-Heat
							Acupuncture
					Heart-fire
						Acupuncture
					Empty
						Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency with Yin Fire
							Acupuncture
					Empty/full
						Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
							Acupuncture
					Other patterns
						Liver-Fire
					Toxic Heat
					Invasion of Wind-Heat with Phlegm
					Invasion of Wind-Cold with Kidney deficiency
				b) Cold sores
					Full
						Invasion of Wind-Heat
							Acupuncture
					Damp-Heat in the Stomach
						Acupuncture
					Empty/Full
						Stomach-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
							Acupuncture
					Other patterns
						Stomach-Heat
					Heat in the Large Intestine
					Damp-Heat in the Large Intestine
				c) Cracked corners of the mouth
					Stomach-Heat
					Stomach-Yin deficiency
					Stomach-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				d) Itching around the mouth
					Stomach-Heat
					Liver-Blood deficiency with Empty Wind
					Damp-Heat in Stomach and Spleen
					Disharmony of Penetrating and Directing vessels
				e) Dribbling from the corners of the mouth
					Spleen-Qi deficiency
					Lung-Qi deficiency with Empty Cold
					Stomach- and Spleen-Heat
					Wind-Phlegm
					Invasion of External Wind
				f) Trembling mouth
					Liver-Blood and Liver-Yin deficiency with internal Wind
					Qi stagnation and Phlegm
					Stomach-Heat
					Liver-Wind
				g) Mouth open
					Lung-Qi deficiency with Phlegm
					Heart-Fire
					Heart-Qi deficiency
				h) Deviation of the mouth
					Liver-Wind
					Liver-Wind and Phlegm
					Invasion of Wind-Cold in the channels of the face
					Liver-Qi stagnation
					Deficiency of Qi and Blood
					Toxic Heat in the channels of the face
			2. Tongue
				a) Itchy tongue
					Heart-Fire
					Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
					Heart- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
					Invasion of Wind-Heat
				b) Painful tongue
					Heart-Fire
					Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
					Stomach-Fire
					Stomach-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
					Liver-Fire
					Phlegm-Fire harassing the heart
				c) Numbness of the tongue
					Heart-Blood deficiency
					Phlegm obstructing the Heart
					Liver-Wind
					Liver-Wind and Phlegm
					Spleen-Qi deficiency
					Chronic Blood stasis
				d) Tongue ulcers
					Full
						Heart-Fire
							Acupuncture
					Damp-Heat in the Small Intestine
						Acupuncture
				Empty/Full
					Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
						Acupuncture
				Other patterns
					Full Heat in the Small Intestine
			3. Teeth
				a) Toothache
					Stomach-Fire
					Damp-Heat in the Stomach
					Stomach-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
					Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
					Heat in Large Intestine
					Damp-Heat in the Large Intestine
					Heat in the Spleen and Heart
					Invasion of External Wind
					‘Wind-Cold in the Brain’
				b) Tooth cavities
					Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
					Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
					Damp-Heat in the Large Intestine
					Kidney deficiency
				c) Loose teeth
					Stomach-Heat
					Kidney deficiency
					Spleen-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
					Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				d) Grinding of the teeth
					Liver-Qi invading the Spleen
					Stomach- and Heart-Fire
					Retention of Food
					Deficiency of Qi and Blood
					Internal Empty Wind
					Invasion of External Wind
				e) Plaque
					Stomach-Heat
					Heat in the Stomach and Kidneys
					Kidney-Yin deficiency
				f) Dry and white teeth
					Acute Interior Heat following an invasion of Wind-Heat
					Stomach-Heat
				g) Dry and dull teeth
					Kidney-Yin deficiency
					Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
					Liver-Blood deficiency
				h) Yellow and dry teeth
					Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen with predominance of Heat
					Kidney-Yin deficiency
					Accumulation of Cold in the abdomen with False Yang above
				i) Grey teeth
					Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				j) Upper teeth moist and lower teeth dry
					Kidney- and Heart-Yin deficiency with Heart Empty Heat (Kidneys and Heart not harmonized)
			4. Gums
				a) Inflamed gums
					Full
						Stomach-Heat
							Acupuncture
					Empty/Full
						Stomach-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
							Acupuncture
					Other patterns
						Invasion of Wind-Heat
					Purple Leg Teeth Nutritional Impairment Pattern
					‘Walking Crow’ Teeth Nutritional Impairment Pattern
				b) Bleeding gums
					Empty
						Deficient Spleen-Qi not holding Blood
							Acupuncture
					Full/Empty
						Stomach-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
							Acupuncture
					Full
						Stomach-Fire
							Acupuncture
					Other patterns
						Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				c) Receding gums
					Deficiency of Qi and Blood
					Stomach-Fire
					Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				d) Gums oozing pus
					Stomach-Fire
					Invasion of Wind-Heat with Toxic Heat
					Severe deficiency of Qi and Blood with Toxic Heat
				e) Pale gums
					Spleen-Qi deficiency
					Blood deficiency
					Spleen-Yang deficiency with Empty Cold
				f) Red gums
					Stomach-Heat
					Stomach-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
					Spleen-Heat
					Spleen Empty Heat
				g) Purple gums
					Blood stasis in the Stomach
					Heat at the Blood level in febrile diseases
			5. Lips
				a) Pale lips
					Deficiency of Qi and Blood of the Spleen
					Liver-Blood deficiency
					Spleen-Yang deficiency with Empty Cold
				b) Red lips
					Full-Heat
					Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
					Invasion of Wind-Heat
					Acute Heat at the Qi level in febrile diseases (Heat)
					Acute Heat at the Qi level in febrile diseases (Fire)
				c) Purple lips
					Blood Stasis
					Severe Spleen-Yang deficiency with Empty Cold
					Severe Kidney-Yang deficiency with Empty Cold
					Internal Full Cold
					Turbid Phlegm in the Lungs
					Heat at the Nutritive-Qi or Blood level in acute febrile diseases
				Bluish-greenish lips
					Internal Cold
					Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
				e) Yellow lips
					Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
					Cold-Dampness in the Stomach and Spleen
					Full Heat with Blood stasis
				f) Dry or cracked lips
					Stomach- and Spleen-Yin deficiency
					Full Heat
					Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
					Liver-Blood deficiency
					Blood stasis
				g) Trembling lips
					Spleen-Qi deficiency
					Blood Deficiency with Empty Wind
					Stomach-Fire
				h) Peeled lips
					Spleen-Heat
					Spleen-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				i) Swollen lips
					Toxic Heat affecting Stomach and Spleen
					Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
					Wind-Heat in the skin
				j) Inverted lips
					Severe Yang deficiency
					Severe Yin deficiency
				k) Drooping lips
					Spleen-Qi deficient and sinking
					Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
				l) Abnormal lip colour in pregnancy
					Blood deficiency
					Severe Blood deficiency
					Blood stasis from Cold
			6. Palate
				a) Pale palate
					Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
					Stomach- and Spleen-Yang deficiency
				b) Dull-pale palate
					Spleen- and Liver-Blood deficiency
					Deficiency of Qi and Blood
				c) Yellow palate
					Chronic Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
					Dampness in the Stomach and Spleen
				d) Red palate
					Full Heat
				e) Purple palate
					Blood stasis
			7. Philtrum
				a) Flat philtrum
					Kidney deficiency
					Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
				b) Stiff-looking philtrum
					Blood stasis
				c) Pale philtrum
					Qi deficiency
					Full Cold
					Empty Cold
				d) Red philtrum
					Heat in the Blood
					Invasion of Wind-Heat
					Damp-Heat in the Intestines
				e) Bluish-greenish philtrum
					Internal Cold
					Liver-Qi stagnation
				f) Dark philtrum
					Heat in the Blood
					Damp-Heat in the Lower Burner
		61 Eyes
			Chapter Contents
			1. Blurred vision and floaters
				a) Empty
					Liver-Blood deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Liver-Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Kidney-Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Full
					Turbid Phlegm in the head
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Liver-Yang rising
					Heart-Blood deficiency
					Liver-Fire
					Heat in the Gall-Bladder
					Deficiency of Minister Fire (Kidney-Yang deficiency)
					Spleen-Qi deficiency
			2. Itchy eyes
				Liver-Blood deficiency
				Liver-Yin deficiency
				Liver-Fire
				Heart-Fire
				Liver-Wind
				Damp-Heat in the Gall-Bladder
				Invasion of Wind-Heat
			3. Dry eyes
				a) Empty
					Liver-Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Kidney-Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Full
					Liver-Fire
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Heart-Yin deficiency
					Severe Liver-Blood deficiency
					Lung- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
			4. Hot and painful eyes
				a) Full
					Liver-Fire
						Acupuncture
					Heart-Fire
						Acupuncture
				b) Other patterns
					Liver-Yang rising
					Liver-Wind
					Damp-Heat in the head
					Phlegm-Heat
					Blood Stasis in the head
					Liver-Blood deficiency
					Heart-Blood deficiency
					Kidney deficiency
					Deficiency of Qi and Yin
					Invasion of Wind-Heat
			5. Streaming eyes
				Liver-Blood deficiency
				Kidney-Yang deficiency
				Liver-Blood deficiency with Liver-Heat
				Liver-Fire
				Kidney- and Liver-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				Heart-Fire
				Damp-Phlegm in the Spleen and Lungs
				Empty Cold in the Liver channel
				Invasion of Wind-Heat
				Invasion of Wind-Cold
			6. Discharge from the eyes
				Liver-Fire
				Heart-Fire
				Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				Deficiency of Qi and Blood
				Invasion of Wind-Heat
				Toxic Heat (Measles)
			7. Yellow eyes (sclera)
				Damp-Heat with predominance of Heat
				Damp-Heat with predominance of Dampness
				Cold-Dampness
				Toxic Heat
				Liver-Blood deficiency
				Blood stasis
			8. Red eyes (sclera)
				Liver-Fire
				Heart-Fire
				Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				Invasion of Wind-Heat
				Lung-Heat or Phlegm-Heat
				Damp-Heat in the Bladder
			9. Bluish-greenish eyes (sclera)
				Liver-Wind
				Internal Cold
				Kidney-Yin deficiency
			10. Dark eyes (sclera)
				Phlegm
				Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
				Severe Full Heat
			11. Red corners of the eyes
				Liver-Fire
				Heart-Fire
				Lung-Heat
				Liver-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				Lung-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				Damp-Heat
				Invasion of Wind-Heat
			12. Pale corners of the eye
				Blood deficiency
				Yang deficiency
			13. Stye
				Heat in Lungs and Spleen
				Heat in Lungs and Stomach
				Spleen-Qi deficiency with Dampness
				Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
			14. Red eyelids
				Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
				Spleen-Heat
				Stomach-Heat
				Invasion of Wind-Heat
			15. Dark eyelids
				Kidney deficiency
				Cold-Phlegm
				Phlegm-Heat
				Wind-Phlegm
			16. Green eyelids
				Stomach-Cold
			17. Pale eyelids
				Blood deficiency
				Yang deficiency
				Retention of Food
			18. Swollen eyelids
				Invasion of Wind-Heat
				Spleen-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				Spleen-Heat
				Water overflowing
				Cold-Phlegm
			19. Boil on the eyelid
				Toxic Heat in the Stomach
				Deficiency of Qi and Yin
				Spleen-Qi deficiency
				Spleen-Qi deficiency with Damp-Heat
				Invasion of Wind-Heat
			20. Pain of the eyelids
				Heat in Lungs and Spleen
				Heat in Lungs and Stomach
			21. Flapping eyelids
				Blood deficiency with Internal Wind
				Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
				Invasion of Wind-Cold
			22. Drooping eyelids
				Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficient and sinking
				Deficiency of Qi and Blood
				Liver and Kidney deficiency
				Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
				Stomach-Heat
				Invasion of Wind
			23. Loss of control of the eyelids
				Liver-Blood deficiency
				Liver-Qi invading the Spleen
				Wind-Heat affecting the Liver channel
				Childhood Nutritional Impairment
			24. Nodules within the eyelids
				Damp-Phlegm obstructing the Spleen
				Phlegm-Heat obstructing the Spleen
			25. Small red grains inside the eyelids
				Damp-Heat in the Spleen
				Wind-Heat affecting the Spleen channel
			26. Redness inside the lower lids
				Full Heat
				Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
			27. Strabismus
				Kidney-Essence deficiency
				Liver-Wind
				Liver-Yang rising
				Severe, chronic deficiency of Qi and Blood of the Liver
				Internal Cold
				Liver- Blood stasis
				Toxic Heat
				Phlegm obstructing Lungs and Spleen
			28. Myopia
				Liver-Blood deficiency
				Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
			29. Hyperopia
				Kidney-Essence deficiency
				Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				Deficiency of Qi and Blood
			30. Decreased night vision
				Liver-Blood deficiency
				Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
				Spleen-Qi deficiency
				Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
				Deficiency of Qi and Blood
			31. Glaucoma
				Stagnant Liver-Qi turned into Heat rebelling upwards
				Liver-Fire
				Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				Empty Cold in the Liver channel
			32. Decreased visual acuity
				a) Empty
					Liver-Blood deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Liver-Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Kidney-Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Full
					Turbid Phlegm obstructing the head’s orifices
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Heart-Blood deficiency
			33. Feeling of distension of the eyes
				Liver-Fire
				Liver-Yang rising
				Liver-Wind
				Phlegm obstructing the Lungs and Spleen
				Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				Liver-Qi stagnation
				Damp-Heat in Liver and Gall-Bladder
			34. Protruding eyeball
				Liver-Fire
				Heart-Fire
				Liver-Qi stagnation and Phlegm
				Liver-Wind
				Liver-Wind with Phlegm-Heat
				Liver-Qi stagnation
				Liver-Qi stagnation and Liver-Blood stasis
				Damp-Heat in Liver and Gall-Bladder
				Toxic Heat
				Deficiency of Kidney-Yin and Kidney-Yang
				Deficiency of Qi and Blood
				Rebellious Lung-Qi (Lung-Qi not descending)
				Invasion of Wind-Heat
			35. Sunken eyeball
				Severe, chronic, Lung- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
				Spleen-Qi deficiency following food poisoning
				Collapse of Yin or Yang
			36. Scaly eyeballs
				Lung-Heat
				Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				Invasion of Wind-Heat
			37. Ecchymosis under conjunctiva
				Liver-Fire
				Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				Invasion of Wind-Heat
				Dry-Heat invading the Lungs
				Liver Phlegm-Fire
			38. Red veins in the eyes
				Liver-Fire
				Liver-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				Heart-Fire
				Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				Kidney-Essence deficiency
			39. Drooping red membrane
				Liver-Fire
				Heat in the Lungs and Spleen
				Wind-Heat affecting the Liver and Lung channels
			40. Red membrane in the corner of the eye
				Liver-Fire
				Heart-Fire
				Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				Heat in the Lung channel
				Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
				Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
			41. Red ring around the pupil
				Liver-Fire
				Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
				Qi deficiency with Internal Wind
			42. Corneal opacity
				Kidney-Yin deficiency
				Deficiency of Qi and Blood
				Wind-Heat affecting the Liver channel
				Toxic Heat
			43. Scarring after corneal opacity
				Kidney-Yin deficiency
				Stomach-Yin deficiency
				Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
			44. White specks
				Phlegm obstructing the Lungs
				Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
				Yang deficiency with internal Cold
			45. White membrane on the pupil in children
				Spleen-Qi deficiency with Dampness
				Spleen-Qi deficiency
				Retention of Food
				Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
			46. Yellow fluid between the pupil and the iris
				Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
				Stomach and Spleen deficient and Cold
				Damp-Heat in Stomach and Spleen
			47. Bleeding between the pupil and the iris
				Liver-Fire
				Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency and Blood deficiency
				Deficient Spleen-Qi not holding Blood
			48. Staring, fixed eyes
				Heart-Fire
				Phlegm-Heat in the Heart
			49. Dilated pupils
				Kidney-Yang deficiency
				Deficiency of Qi and Yin
				Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				Liver-Wind with Phlegm
				Collapse of Yang
			50. Contracted pupils
				Liver-Fire
				Liver-Wind
				Liver-Blood stasis in the Connecting channels of the Brain (Eye System)
				Toxic Heat at the Blood Level
				Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
				Invasion of Wind-Heat
			51. Closed eyes
				Excess of Yin
				Heat in febrile disease (Blood level)
				Wind-stroke (acute stage)
			52. Open eyes
				Wind-stroke (acute stage)
				Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
			53. Quivering eyeball
				Internal Wind (acute stage of Wind-stroke)
				Empty Wind from Blood deficiency
				Kidney-Essence deficiency
				Liver-Qi invading the Spleen
			54. Eyeball turning up
				Heat generating Wind (Blood level of the Four Levels)
				Stagnant Blood generating Wind
				Internal Wind
				Kidney deficiency
			55. Inverted eyelashes
				Lung- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
				Damp-Heat in Stomach and Spleen
				Empty-Cold in the Bladder
				Invasion of Wind-Heat
			56. Sudden blindness
				Liver-Fire
				Liver-Blood stasis
				Phlegm-Heat in the Liver
				Phlegm-Heat in the Heart
				Liver-Wind
				Heat at the Blood level (within the Four Levels)
			57. Cataract
				Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
				Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
				Heart- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
		62 Neck, Shoulders and Upper Back
			Chapter Contents
			Neck and shoulders
			1. Stiff neck
				a) Full
					Wind-Damp Painful Obstruction Syndrome
						Acupuncture
					Liver-Qi stagnation
						Acupuncture
					Liver-Yang rising
						Acupuncture
					Invasion of Wind-Cold
						Acupuncture
				b) Empty
					Kidney deficiency
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Liver-Wind
			2. Rigidity of the neck
				a) Full
					Cold Painful Obstruction Syndrome
						Acupuncture
					Liver-Qi stagnation
						Acupuncture
					Liver-Yang rising
						Acupuncture
				b) Other patterns
					Liver-Wind
			3. Neck pain
				a) Full
					Wind-Damp Painful Obstruction Syndrome
						Acupuncture
					Liver-Qi stagnation
						Acupuncture
					Liver-Yang rising
						Acupuncture
					Invasion of Wind
						Acupuncture
				b) Other patterns
					Liver-Wind
			4. Soft neck
				Severe deficiency of Qi and Blood
				Kidney-Yang deficiency
			5. Deviated neck
				Kidney-Essence deficiency
				Liver-Qi stagnation
			6. Wide neck
				Qi stagnation with Phlegm
				Phlegm with Blood stasis
				Liver-Fire
			7. Thin neck
				Severe deficiency of Qi and Blood
				Severe Yin deficiency
			8. Swollen neck glands
				a) Full
					Invasion of Wind-Heat with Toxic Heat
						Acupuncture
					Toxic Heat with Qi and Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Full-Empty
					Residual Damp-Heat with Qi deficiency
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Toxic Heat with Blood stasis
			9. Pulsation of the carotid artery
				Kidney- and Heart-Yang deficiency with Water overflowing to the Heart
				Chronic Phlegm in the Lungs
			10. Shoulder ache
				Damp-Cold
				Wind-Cold
				Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
			11. Frozen shoulder
				Cold
				Damp-Cold
				Blood stasis
			Upper back
			12. Upper backache
				Invasion of Wind-Cold
				Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
				Damp-Cold
				Liver-Yang rising
				Liver-Qi stagnation
			13. Cold upper back
				Invasion of Wind-Cold
				Yang deficiency
			14. Hot upper back
				Lung-Heat
				Lung-Yin deficiency
			15. Stiffness of the back as if wearing a tight belt
				Girdle Vessel Pathology
				Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
		63 Chest
			Chapter Contents
			1. Acute cough
				a) Full
					Invasion of Wind-Cold
						Acupuncture
					Invasion of Wind-Heat
						Acupuncture
					Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
						Acupuncture
					Lung-Heat
						Acupuncture
					Residual dryness and Phlegm in the Lungs
						Acupuncture
				b) Other patterns
					Residual dryness in the Lungs
					Invasion of Wind-Dryness
			2. Chronic cough
				a) Full
					Damp-Phlegm in the Lungs
						Acupuncture
					Phlegm-Dryness in the Lungs
						Acupuncture
				b) Empty
					Lung-Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Lung-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Lung-dryness
					Lung-Qi deficiency
					Cold-Phlegm in the Lungs
					Liver-Fire insulting the Lungs
					Phlegm-Fluids in the Lungs
			3. Coughing blood
				Lung-Heat
				Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
				Lung-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				Invasion of Wind-Heat
				Lung- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
				Lung-Heat at the Blood level (Four Levels)
			4. Breathlessness
				a) Empty
					Lung-Qi deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Lung-Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Full
					Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
						Acupuncture
					Damp-Phlegm in the Lungs
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Kidneys not receiving Qi
					Lung-Qi stagnation
					Lung-Heat
					Cold-Phlegm in the Lungs
					Kidney-Yang deficiency with Phlegm
					Kidney-Yang deficiency with Water overflowing to the Lungs
					Phlegm in the Lungs with Lung-Qi deficiency
					Lung-Qi and Kidney-Yang deficiency
					Rebellious Qi of the Penetrating Vessel
					Liver-Fire insulting the Lungs
			5. Wheezing
				a) Full
					Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
						Acupuncture
					Damp-Phlegm in the Lungs
						Acupuncture
				b) Other patterns
					Cold-Phlegm in the Lungs
					Lung-Yang deficiency with Phlegm
					Lung-Yin deficiency with Phlegm
					Lung-Qi deficiency with Phlegm
					Spleen-Qi deficiency with Phlegm
					Kidney-Yang deficiency with Phlegm
			6. Chest pain
				a) Full
					Heart-Blood stasis
						Acupuncture
					Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
						Acupuncture
				b) Other patterns
					Heart-Yang deficiency
					Heart-Yang deficiency with Phlegm
					Liver-Qi stagnation
					Rebellious Qi in the Penetrating Vessel
					Lung-Qi stagnation
					Damp-Heat in the Liver and Gall-Bladder channels
			7. Pain in the ribs
				Liver-Qi stagnation
				Liver-Blood stasis
				Damp-Heat in the Liver and Gall-Bladder
			8. Feeling of oppression of the chest
				Phlegm in the Lungs
				Lung-Qi stagnation
				Liver-Qi stagnation
				Rebellious Qi in the Penetrating Vessel
				Heart-Yang deficiency with Phlegm
			9. Feeling of distension of the chest
				Liver-Qi stagnation
				Lung-Qi stagnation
			10. Feeling of heat of the chest
				Lung-Heat
				Lung-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				Heart-Fire
				Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				Residual heat in the Diaphragm
			11. Heart feeling vexed
				a) Full
					Heart-Fire
						Acupuncture
					Phlegm-Heat in the Heart
						Acupuncture
				b) Full/Empty
					Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Qi and Yin deficiency of the Heart
					Residual Heat in the Diaphragm
			12. Palpitations
				Shock affecting the Heart
				Kidney-Yang deficiency with Water overflowing to the Heart
				Rebellious-Qi in the Penetrating Vessel affecting the Heart
			13. Palpitations under the heart
				Heart-Yang deficiency
				Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				Phlegm-Fire harassing the Heart
				Rebellious Qi in the Penetrating Vessel
				Kidney-Yang deficiency with Water overflowing to the Heart
			14. Feeling of stuffiness under the heart
				Heat
				Cold
				Phlegm
				Rebellious Qi in the Penetrating Vessel
				Phlegm-Fluids
			15. Heart beat displaced downwards
				Heart-Qi deficiency with Heart-Blood stasis
				Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
				Phlegm-Fluids obstructing the Heart
				Toxic Heat invading the Heart
			16. Heart beat displaced upwards
				Kidney- and Heart-Yang deficiency with Water overflowing
			17. Heart beat displaced to the left
				Phlegm-Fluids in the chest and hypochondrium
				Liver-Blood stasis with Water overflowing
			18. Heart beat displaced to the right
				Heart-Qi deficiency with Heart-Blood stasis
				Phlegm-Fluids in the chest and hypochondrium
			19. Heart beat below the xyphoid process
				Heart-Blood stasis
				Heart-Qi deficiency
			20. Protruding chest
				Chronic Phlegm in the Lungs
				Severe Liver-Qi stagnation
				Liver-Blood stasis
			21. Sunken chest
				Lung-Qi deficiency
				Lung-Yin deficiency
				Kidney-Yang deficiency
				Lung- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
			22. Protruding sternum
				Constitutional deficiency of Lungs and Kidneys
				Phlegm in the Lungs
			23. Chest sunken on one side
				Lung-Yin deficiency
				Phlegm-Fluids in the Lungs
				Phlegm-Fluids in the Lungs with Blood stasis
			24. Chest protruding on one side
				Phlegm-Fluids in the Lungs
				Severe Liver-Qi stagnation
				Heart-Qi deficiency with Blood stasis
			25. Gynaecomastia
				Liver-Blood stasis
				Damp-Heat in the Penetrating vessel
			26. Yawning
				Liver-Qi stagnation
				Lung-Qi stagnation
				Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
				Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
			27. Sighing
				Liver-Qi stagnation
				Lung-Qi stagnation
				Spleen- and Heart-Qi deficiency
		64 Limbs
			Chapter Contents
			1. Muscle ache in the limbs
				a) Full
					Dampness in the muscles
						Acupuncture
					Liver-Qi stagnation
						Acupuncture
				b) Empty
					Liver-Blood deficiency
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Phlegm-Heat in the muscles
			2. Pain in the limbs
				a) Full
					Wind
						Acupuncture
					Cold
						Acupuncture
					Dampness
						Acupuncture
				b) Empty
					Qi and Blood deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Liver and Kidney deficiency
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Damp-Heat
			3. Cold hands and feet
				a) Empty
					Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Blood deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Full
					Qi stagnation
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Phlegm
					Heat stagnating in the Interior (True Heat – False Cold)
			4. Hot hands and feet
				a) Damp-Heat
				b) Heart- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				c) Stomach-Heat
				d) Stomach-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
			5. Numbness/tingling of the limbs
				a) Empty
					Liver-Blood deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Full
					Phlegm in the limbs
						Acupuncture
					Dampness
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Wind-Phlegm
					Liver-Wind
					Damp-Heat
					Qi stagnation and Blood stasis
					Invasion of Wind-Cold
			6. Weakness of the limbs
				a) Stomach-Qi deficiency
				b) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
				c) Kidney-Yang deficiency
			7. Feeling of heaviness of the limbs
				a) Full
					Dampness
						Acupuncture
					Damp-Heat
						Acupuncture
					Phlegm in the limbs
						Acupuncture
				b) Full/Empty
					Spleen-Qi deficiency with Dampness
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Kidney-Yang deficiency with Dampness
					Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency with Dampness
			8. Atrophy of the limbs
				a) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
				b) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
				c) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
				d) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
				e) Kidney-Essence deficiency
			9. Flaccidity of the limbs
				a) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
				b) Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
				c) Kidney-Yin deficiency
				d) Qi deficiency with Blood stasis
				e) Heat at the Nutritive-Qi level
			10. Oedema of limbs
				a) Empty
					Spleen-Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Kidney-Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Full
					Dampness
						Acupuncture
					Qi Stagnation
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Lung-Qi deficiency
					Cold-Dampness
					Qi deficiency and Blood stasis
					Wind-Water invading the Lungs
			11. Swelling of the joints of limbs
				a) Damp Painful Obstruction (Bi) syndrome
				b) Phlegm in the joints
			12. Rigidity of limbs
				a) Wind in the joints
				b) Qi stagnation and Blood stasis
				c) Liver-Yang rising
				d) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
				e) Liver-Wind
				f) Wind-Phlegm
			13. Paralysis of the limbs
				a) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
				b) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
				c) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
				d) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Internal Wind
				e) Retention of Dampness in the muscles
				f) Liver-Blood stasis
				g) Wind and Phlegm in the channels
			14. Contraction of limbs
				a) Liver-Blood deficiency
				b) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
				c) Cold-Dampness
				d) Internal Wind
				e) Invasion of Wind-Cold
				f) Phlegm
				g) Blood stasis
			15. Feeling of distension of the limbs
				a) Qi stagnation with Dampness
				b) Blood stasis from Qi deficiency
				c) Wind-Phlegm
			16. Tremor or spasticity of limbs
				a) Liver-Wind
				b) Wind-Phlegm
				c) Liver-Blood or -Yin deficiency leading to Empty Wind
				d) Heat generating Wind
			18. Convulsions of the limbs
				a) Liver-Yang rising generating Liver-Wind
				b) Liver-Blood deficiency leading to Liver-Wind
				c) Liver-Wind and Phlegm
				d) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency and Liver-Blood deficiency giving rise to Liver-Wind
				e) Heat victorious stirring Wind (Blood Level)
				f) Yin deficiency generating Empty Wind (Blood Level)
		65 Arms
			Chapter Contents
			1. Pain in the elbow
				a) Full
					Invasion of Cold-Dampness
						Acupuncture
					b) Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
						Acupuncture
				b) Other patterns
					Invasion of Cold
					Damp-Heat
			2. Cold hands
				a) Empty
					Heart-Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Lung-Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Heart-Blood deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Spleen-Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Other patterns
					Liver-Qi stagnation
					Phlegm in the channels
			3. Hot hands
				a) Heart-Fire
				b) Lung-Heat
				c) Stomach-Heat
				d) Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				e) Lung-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				f) Stomach-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				g) Stomach Damp-Heat
				h) Invasion of Wind
			4. Pale hands
				a) Heart-Yang deficiency
				b) Lung-Yang deficiency
				c) Liver-Blood deficiency
				d) Heart-Blood deficiency
			5. Red dorsum of the hands
				a) Full Heat
			6. Red palms
				a) Empty Heat
			7. Sweaty palms
				a) Empty
					Lung-Qi deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Lung-Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Lung-Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Heart-Qi deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Heart-Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Heart-Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Other patterns
					Lung-Heat
					Heart-Fire
			8. Pain in the hands
				a) Wind
				b) Cold
				c) Dampness
				d) Damp-Heat in the channels
				e) Liver-Qi stagnation
				f) Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
				g) Blood deficiency
				h) Heart-Yang deficiency
				i) Lung-Yang deficiency
				j) Stomach-Yang deficiency
				k) Heart-Yin deficiency
				l) Lung-Yin deficiency
			9. Itchy hands
				a) Dampness
				b) Damp-Heat
				c) Invasion of Wind
				d) Blood deficiency leading to Wind in the skin
			10. Numbness/tingling of the hands
				Liver-Blood deficiency
				a) Phlegm
				b) Wind-Phlegm
				c) Liver-Wind
				d) Dampness
				e) Damp-Heat
				f) Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
				g) Invasion of external Wind
			11. Tremor of the hands
				a) Liver-Wind
				b) Liver-Wind and Phlegm
				c) Liver-Blood or Liver-Yin deficiency leading to Wind
				d) Heat generating Wind
			12. Oedema of the hands
				a) Lung-Yang deficiency
				b) Spleen-Yang deficiency
				c) Liver-Qi stagnation
			13. Swollen fingers
				a) Cold-Dampness Painful Obstruction Syndrome
				b) Damp-Heat Painful Obstruction Syndrome
				c) Wind-Dampness Painful Obstruction Syndrome
				d) Lung- and Spleen-Yang deficiency
				e) Qi stagnation
				f) Blood stasis
				g) Liver and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Blood Heat
				h) Wind-Water invading the Lungs
			14. Deformed knuckles
				a) Chronic Painful Obstruction Syndrome with Phlegm
				b) Chronic Painful Obstruction Syndrome with Phlegm and Blood stasis
				c) Chronic Painful Obstruction with Phlegm and Qi and/or Yin deficiency
			15. Contraction of the fingers
				a) Liver-Blood deficiency
				b) Liver-Yin deficiency
				c) Blood stasis
				d) Liver-Wind
				e) Wind-Phlegm
				f) Cold-Dampness
				g) Liver-Qi stagnation
				h) Invasion of external Wind-Cold
			16. Spoon-shaped fingers
				a) Cold-Phlegm in the Lungs
				b) Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
				c) Lung and Kidney-Yin deficiency
			17. Thin, pointed fingers
				a) Cold-Dampness in the Stomach
				b) Damp-Heat in the Stomach
				c) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
			18. Cracked fingers
				a) Liver-Blood deficiency
				b) Liver-Blood stasis
				c) Yang deficiency with Empty-Cold
			19. Tinea (ringworm)
				a) External invasion of Wind-Heat
				b) External invasion of Damp-Heat
				c) Toxic Heat in the skin
			20. Thickened fingers
				a) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
			21. Shrivelled and wrinkled fingers
				a) Loss of fluids
			22. Dry, cracked, and peeling palms
				a) Blood deficiency
				b) Blood deficiency with Wind
			23. Venules on the thenar eminence
				a) Cold in the Stomach
				b) Stomach Deficient and Cold
				c) Full Heat
				d) Empty Heat
				e) Blood stasis in the Stomach
				f) Damp-Heat in the Stomach
			24. Atrophy of the thenar eminence
				a) Liver-Blood deficiency
				b) Kidney-Yin deficiency
				c) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
			25. Atrophy of the muscles of the dorsum of the hands
				a) Liver-Blood deficiency
				b) Kidney-Yin deficiency
				c) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
			26. Ridged nails
				a) Liver-Blood deficiency
				b) Liver-Yin deficiency
			27. Thickening of the nails
				a) Liver-Fire
				b) Liver-Blood stasis
				c) Phlegm
			28. Coarse and thick nails
				a) Qi and Blood deficiency with dryness of Blood generating Wind
			29. Cracked nails
				a) Qi and Blood deficiency with dryness of Blood
				b) Yin deficiency
				c) Liver-Blood stasis
			30. Nails falling off
				a) Toxic Heat in the Liver
			31. Indented nails
				a) Liver-Blood deficient and dry
				b) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
				c) Heat injuring fluids
			32. Thin and brittle nails
				a) Qi and Blood deficiency
				b) Liver-Yin deficiency
				c) Liver-Blood stasis
				d) Phlegm in the joints
				e) Kidney-Essence deficiency
			33. Withered and brittle nails
				a) Liver-Blood deficiency
				b) Liver-Yin deficiency
				c) Liver-Blood stasis
				d) Liver-Fire
				e) Kidney-Yin deficiency
				Phlegm
				Blood Dryness and Empty Heat in acute febrile diseases
			34. Withered and thickened nails
				a) Severe Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
				b) Liver-Blood deficient and dry
				c) Liver-Yin deficiency
				d) Damp-Heat with Toxic Heat
			35. Curling nails
				a) Qi and Blood deficiency with Blood stasis
			36. Flaking nails
				a) Spleen and Kidney deficiency with Dampness
			37. Twisted nails
				a) Liver-Blood deficiency
			38. Nails with white spots
				a) Qi deficiency
			39. Pale-white nails
				a) Liver- and Spleen-Blood deficiency
			40. Dull-white nails
				a) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
				b) Loss of fluids
			41. Red nails
				a) Full Heat
			42. Yellow nails
				a) Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
				b) Damp-Heat in the Liver and Gall-Bladder
				c) Phlegm
			43. Bluish-greenish nails
				a) Liver-Blood deficiency with internal Cold
				b) Severe Spleen-Qi deficiency with internal Wind (children)
				c) Liver-Blood stasis
			44. Dark nails
				a) Kidney deficiency
				b) Blood stasis
			45. Purple nails
				a) Liver-Blood stasis
				b) Heat at the Blood Level
			46. Small or absent lunulae
				a) Chronic Qi and Blood deficiency
				b) Yang Deficiency
				c) Internal Cold
			47. Large lunulae
				a) Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
		66 Legs
			Chapter Contents
			1. Oedema of the feet
				a) Empty
					Spleen-Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Kidney-Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Other patterns
					Damp-Heat
					Qi Stagnation and stasis of Blood
					Cold-Dampness
					Qi deficiency and Blood stasis
			2. Atrophy of the legs
				a) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
				b) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
				c) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
				d) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
				E) Kidney-essence deficiency
			3. Paralysis of the legs
				a) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
				b) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
				c) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
				d) Retention of Dampness in the muscles
				e) Liver-Blood stasis
				f) Wind and Phlegm in the channels
			4. Festination
				a) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with internal Wind
				b) Qi and Blood deficiency with internal Wind
			5. Unstable gait
				a) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with internal Wind
				b) Qi and Blood deficiency with internal Wind
			6. Staggering gait
				a) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
				b) Phlegm and Blood stasis
			7. Stepping gait
				a) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with internal Wind
				b) Qi and Blood deficiency with internal Wind
			8. Shuffling gait
				a) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Wind-Phlegm in the channels
			9. Arched legs
				a) Congenital deficiency of Stomach and Spleen
				b) Congenital deficiency of Liver and Kidneys
			10. Cold feet
				a) Empty
					Kidney-Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Liver-Blood deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Other patterns
					Phlegm in the Lower Burner
			11. Pain in the thigh
				a) Damp-Heat
				b) Cold-Dampness
				c) Qi deficiency and Blood stasis
				d) Kidney-Yang deficiency
				e) Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood in the descending branch of the Penetrating Vessel
			12. Pain in the hip
				a) Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
				b) Invasion of Cold and Dampness
			13. Pain in the knee
				a) Invasion of Cold and Dampness
				b) Invasion of Cold
				c) Damp-Heat
				d) Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
				e) Kidney deficiency
			14. Pain in the foot
				a) Dampness
				b) Damp-Heat
				c) Kidney deficiency
				d) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
				e) Damp-Phlegm
			15. Weak knees
				a) Kidney-Yang deficiency
				b) Kidney- and Liver-Yin deficiency
				c) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
			16. Stiff knees
				a) Cold-Dampness in the channels
				b) Cold in the channels
				c) Dampness
				d) Damp-Heat
				e) Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
				f) Kidney-Yang deficiency
			17. Weakness of the legs
				a) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
				b) Kidney-Yang deficiency
				c) Kidney-Yin deficiency
				d) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
			18. Feeling of heaviness of the legs
				a) Full
					Dampness
						Acupuncture
					Damp-Heat
						Acupuncture
				b) Full/Empty
					Spleen-Qi deficiency with Dampness
						Acupuncture
					Kidney-Yang deficiency with Dampness
						Acupuncture
			19. Restless legs
				a) Empty
					Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Stomach-Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Liver-Blood deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Other patterns
					Deficiency of Blood in the Penetrating Vessel
			20. Tremor of the legs
				a) Liver-Blood or Liver-Yin deficiency leading to Wind
				b) Kidney-Yin deficiency with internal Wind
			21. Cramps in the calves
				a) Liver-Blood deficiency
				b) Liver-Blood deficiency with Empty-Wind
				c) Wind-Phlegm
				d) Liver-Blood stasis
			22. Pain in the groin
				a) Dampness
				b) Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood in the Liver channel
				c) Girdle Vessel pathology (Damp-Heat)
			23. Lower leg ulcers
				a) Damp-Heat
				b) Spleen-Qi deficiency with Dampness
				c) Qi stagnation and Blood stasis
				d) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
			24. Toe ulcers
				a) Toxic Heat
				b) External Toxic Heat
			25. Pain in the soles
				a) Stomach-Qi deficiency
				b) Stomach-Qi deficiency with Dampness
				c) Stomach-Heat
				d) Liver-Fire
				e) Dampness in the Spleen
				f) Kidney-Yang deficiency
				g) Kidney-Yin deficiency
				h) Kidney deficiency with Dampness
			26. Burning sensation in the soles
				a) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				b) Stomach Heat
				c) Liver-Fire
		67 Lower Back
			Chapter Contents
			1. Lower backache
				a) Empty
					Kidney-Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Kidney-Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Full
					Sprain of the back
						Acupuncture
					Cold-Dampness in the lower back
						Acupuncture
					Blood stasis in the back
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Invasion of Wind-Cold
			2. Sciatica
				a) Full
					Cold-Dampness in the lower back and legs
						Acupuncture
					Damp-Heat in the lower back and legs
						Acupuncture
					Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
						Acupuncture
				b) Empty/Full
					Kidney-Yang deficiency with Dampness
						Acupuncture
			3. Feeling of cold and heaviness of the lower back
				a) Kidney-Yang deficiency
				b) Cold-Dampness in the back
				c) Invasion of Wind-Water
			4. Weakness of the lower back and knees
				a) Empty
					Kidney-Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Other patterns
					Kidney-Yin deficiencyc
					Cold-Dampness in the lower back
					Damp-Heat in the lower back
			5. Stiffness of the lower back
				a) Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
				b) Cold-Dampness in the lower back
				c) Kidney-Yang deficiency
			6. Coccyx pain
				a) Traumatic injury
				b) Kidney deficiency
				c) Cold-Dampness in the Bladder channel
				d) Damp-Heat in the Bladder channel
			7. Ulcers on the buttocks
				a) Toxic Heat
				b) External Toxic Heat
			8. Papules or pustules on buttocks
				a) Damp-Heat in the Bladder
			9. Scoliosis
				a) Empty
					Kidney-Essence deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Other patterns
					Kidney deficiency with Blood stasis
					Retention of Wind-Dampness in the channels of the back
			10. Lordosis
				a) Kidney-Essence deficiency
				b) Deficiency of Liver- and Kidney-Yin
				c) Retention of Wind-Dampness in the channels of the back
				d) Deficiency of the Stomach and Spleen
			11. Spine bent forward
				a) Kidney-Essence deficiency with weakness of the Governing Vessel
			12. Atrophy of the muscles along the spine
				a) Spleen-Qi deficiency
			13. Spots on the back
				a) Wind-Heat with Toxic Heat
				b) Damp-Heat
				c) Stagnant Liver-Qi turned into Heat
			14. Rigidity of the lower back
				a) Retention of Damp-Cold
				b) Blood stasis
			15. Vesicles on the lower back
				a) Retention of Damp-Heat
			16. Dryness and redness of the skin of the lower back
				a) Liver-Fire
				b) Heart-Fire
			17. Yellow colour of the lower back
				a) Damp-Heat in the Spleen and Kidneys
			18. Skin marks on the lower back
				a) Girdle Vessel pathology with Kidney deficiency
			19. Boils on BL-23 shenshu
				a) Phlegm with Kidney deficiency
			20. Kyphosis
				a) Kidney-Essence deficiency in the elderly
				b) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
				c) Deficiency of the Governing Vessel
				d) Kidney-Essence deficiency in children
			21. Flattening of lumbar spine
				a) Qi stagnation
				b) Blood stasis
				c) Cold
			22. List of spine
				a) Qi stagnation
				b) Blood stasis
				c) Cold
		68 Body
			Chapter Contents
			1. Body aches
				a) Wind
				b) Dampness
				c) Qi Stagnation
				d) Blood stasis
				e) Blood deficiency
				f) Stomach-Heat
			2. Pain in the joints
				a) Invasion of Wind in the joints
				b) Invasion of Dampness in the joints
				c) Invasion of Cold in the joints
				d) Damp-Heat in the joints
				e) Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
				f) Liver-Blood deficiency
				g) Kidney deficiency
			3. Paralysis
				a) Empty
					Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Empty/Full
					Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Internal Wind
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Kidney-Yang deficiency
					Qi and Blood deficiency
					Liver-Blood stasis
					Cold-Dampness
					Damp-Heat
					Liver-Qi stagnation and Liver-Blood deficiency
					Stomach and Spleen Fluids injured
			4. Hemiplegia
				a) Wind in the channels
				b) Liver-Wind
				c) Wind-Phlegm
				d) Phlegm-Fire
				e) Damp-Phlegm
				f) Qi deficiency and Blood stasis
				g) Liver and Kidney deficiency
				h) Collapse of Yang
				i) Collapse of Yin
			5. Numbness/tingling
				a) Empty
					Liver-Blood deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Full
					Phlegm in the channels
						Acupuncture
					Internal Wind
						Acupuncture
					Wind-Phlegm
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Dampness in the channels
					Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
			6. Numbness of half the body
				a) Liver-Blood deficiency
				b) Damp-Phlegm
				c) Liver-Wind
				d) Deficiency of Central Qi
				e) Dampness
			7. Itching
				a) Full
					Wind in the skin
						Acupuncture
					Dampness in the skin
						Acupuncture
					Damp-Heat in the skin
						Acupuncture
					Blood Heat
						Acupuncture
				b) Empty
					Blood deficiency
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Toxic Heat
			8. Oedema
				a) Empty
					Spleen-Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Kidney-Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Full
					Dampness
						Acupuncture
					Qi stagnation
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Deficiency of Qi and Blood
					Wind-Water invading the Lungs
					Qi deficiency and Blood stasis
			9. Obesity
				a) Damp-Phlegm with Qi deficiency
			10. Loss of weight
				a) Yin deficiency
				b) Liver-Blood deficiency
				c) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
				d) Liver-Fire
				e) Stomach-Heat
			11. Jaundice
				a) Damp-Heat in the Gall-Bladder
				b) Cold-Dampness in the Gall-Bladder
				c) Blood stasis
				d) Spleen-Qi deficiency and Blood deficiency
			12. Twitching of muscles
				a) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
				b) Heart- or Lung-Yang deficiency with Water Overflowing
				c) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
			13. Opisthotonos
				a) Liver-Wind
		69 Digestive System and Taste
			Chapter Contents
			Digestive System
				1. Belching
					a) Full
						Liver-Qi invading the Stomach
							Acupuncture
					b) Empty
						Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
							Acupuncture
						Stomach-Yin deficiency
							Acupuncture
					c) Other patterns
						Stomach-Heat
						Retention of food
						Stomach deficient and Cold
				2. Acid reflux
					a) Full
						Liver-Qi invading the Stomach
							Acupuncture
					b) Empty
						Stomach-Yin deficiency
							Acupuncture
					c) Other patterns
						Retention of food
						Damp-Heat in the Stomach
						Cold-Dampness in the Stomach
				3. Hiccup
					a) Cold in the Stomach
					b) Stomach-Heat
					c) Stomach-Qi deficiency
					d) Stomach-Yin deficiency
					e) Liver-Qi invading the Stomach
					f) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
				4. Poor appetite
					a) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
					b) Stomach and Spleen Deficient and Cold
					c) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
					d) Stomach-Yin deficiency
					e) Cold-Dampness in the Stomach and Spleen
					f) Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
					g) Liver-Qi invading the Stomach
					h) Phlegm obstructing the Stomach
					i) Food poisoning
				5. Nausea
					a) Full
						Liver-Qi invading the Stomach
							Acupuncture
						Phlegm obstructing the Stomach
							Acupuncture
						Cold-Dampness in the Stomach
							Acupuncture
						Cold in the Stomach
							Acupuncture
					b) Empty
						Stomach-Qi deficiency
							Acupuncture
						Stomach-Yin deficiency
							Acupuncture
					c) Other patterns
						Stomach-Heat
						Food poisoning
					Heart-Qi stagnation
				6. Vomiting
					a) Liver-Qi invading the Stomach
					b) Cold in the Stomach
					c) Stomach-Heat
					d) Stomach-Qi deficiency
					e) Stomach deficient and Cold
					f) Stomach-Yin deficiency
					g) Heat in the Liver and Gall-Bladder
					h) Stomach- and Liver-Fire
					i) External Cold invading the Stomach
					j) Phlegm obstructing the Stomach
					k) Cold-Dampness in the Stomach
					l) Retention of Food
					m) Food poisoning
				7. Retching
					a) Liver-Qi invading the Stomach
					b) Stomach-Heat
					c) Cold in the Stomach
					d) Retention of Food
					e) Spleen-Yin deficiency
				8. Vomiting of blood
					a) Stomach-Fire
					b) Liver-Fire invading the Stomach
					c) Blood stasis in the Stomach
					d) Stomach-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
					e) Heart- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
					f) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
				9. Excessive hunger
					a) Stomach-Heat
					b) Stomach-Fire
					c) Stomach-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				10. Aversion to food
					a) Food poisoning
					b) Retention of Food
					c) Damp-Heat in the Liver, Gall-Bladder, Stomach, and Spleen
					d) Rebellious Qi in the Penetrating Vessel in pregnancy
				11. Hunger with no desire to eat
					a) Damp-Heat in the Stomach
					b) ‘Stomach strong – Spleen weak’
				12. Gnawing hunger
					a) Liver-Qi invading the Stomach
					b) Stomach-Heat
					c) Cold in the Stomach
					d) Food poisoning
					e) Spleen-Yin deficiency
				Case History
				13. Sleepy after eating
					a) Spleen-Qi deficiency
					b) Damp-Phlegm in the Spleen
					c) Spleen-Qi deficiency with Dampness
				14. Regurgitation of food
					a) Cold in the Stomach
					b) Stagnation of Qi and Phlegm in the Stomach
					c) Damp-Heat in the Stomach
					d) Stasis of Blood in the Stomach
					e) Retention of food
					f) Stomach-Yin deficiency with Blood dryness
					g) Deficiency of Qi and Yin of the Stomach
					h) Deficiency of Minister Fire
				15. Difficulty in swallowing (diaphragm choking)
					a) Stagnation of Qi and Phlegm
					b) Blood stasis in the Stomach
					c) Qi and Yang deficiency of the Stomach
					d) Stomach-Yin deficiency
					e) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
				16. Craving for sweets and/or constant picking
					a) Spleen-Qi deficiency
					b) Heart-Blood deficiency
					c) Heart-Fire
					d) Liver-Qi invading the Spleen
					e) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
					f) Spleen-Heat
			Taste
				17. Bitter taste
					a) Liver-Fire
					b) Heart-Fire
					c) Damp-Heat in the Liver and Gall-Bladder
					d) Lesser-Yang Pattern
				18. Sweet taste
					a) Deficiency of Qi and/or Yin of the Stomach and Spleen
					b) Damp-Heat in the Spleen
					c) Stomach- and Spleen-Heat
				19. Salty taste
					a) Kidney-Yin deficiency
					b) Kidney-Yang deficiency
				20. Sour taste
					a) Liver-Fire
					b) Liver-Qi invading the Spleen
					c) Liver-Qi invading the Stomach
					d) Retention of Food
					e) Stomach Heat
				21. Sticky sensation in the mouth
					a) Cold-Dampness
					b) Damp-Heat
					c) Phlegm
					d) Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
				22. Loss of taste
					a) Deficiency of Stomach- and Spleen-Qi
					b) Dampness obstructing the Middle Burner
					c) Damp-Phlegm obstructing the Spleen
					d) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency with Cold in the Stomach
				23. Foul breath
					a) Stomach-Heat
					b) Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
					c) Retention of food
		70 Thirst and Drink
			Chapter Contents
			1. Thirst
				a) Full
					Stomach-Heat
						Acupuncture
					Liver-Fire
						Acupuncture
					Heart-Fire
						Acupuncture
					Damp-Heat in Stomach and Spleen
						Acupuncture
				b) Empty
					Stomach-Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Stomach-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Damp-Heat in Liver and Gall-Bladder
					Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
					Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
					Lung-Heat
					Lung-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
					Heart-Yin deficiency
					Liver-Yin deficiency
					Kidney-Yin deficiency
					Lung-Yin deficiency
			2. Dry mouth
				a) Yin deficiency
				b) Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
				c) Phlegm-Heat in the Stomach
			3. Absence of thirst
				a) Deficiency of Yang of the Spleen and Stomach
				b) Cold in the Stomach
				c) Dampness in the Stomach and Spleen
			4. Increased salivation
				a) Stomach and Spleen Deficient and Cold
				b) Kidney-Yang deficiency, Water overflowing
		71 Abdomen
			Chapter Contents
			Introduction
				Distension
				Feeling of oppression
				Feeling of fullness
				Feeling of stuffiness
			1. Pain in the area below the xyphoid process
				a) Rebellious-Qi of the Penetrating Vessel
				b) Stomach-Heat
				c) Stomach-Qi stagnation
				d) Heart-Qi stagnation
				e) Retention of food in the stomach
				f) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency with Heart-Heat
				g) Phlegm in the Stomach
				h) Qi stagnation and Phlegm
			2. Epigastric pain
				a) Empty
					Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Stomach-Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Full
					Liver-Qi invading the Stomach
						Acupuncture
					Cold in the Stomach
						Acupuncture
					Stomach-Heat
						Acupuncture
					Damp-Heat in the Stomach
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Stomach-Fire
					Cold-Dampness in the Stomach
					Blood stasis in the Stomach
					Phlegm-Heat in the Stomach
					Retention of food
					Liver-Fire invading the Stomach
					Phlegm-Fluids in the Stomach
			3. Hypochondrial pain
				a) Full
					Liver-Qi stagnation
						Acupuncture
					Damp-Heat in Liver and Gall-Bladder
						Acupuncture
				b) Other patterns
					Liver-Blood stasis
					Liver-Yin deficiency
					Lesser-Yang syndrome
					Phlegm-Fluids in the hypochondrium
			4. Umbilical pain
				a) Stagnation of Qi in the Stomach and Intestines
				b) Cold in the Intestines
				c) Damp-Heat in the Intestines
				d) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
				e) Food poisoning
				f) Heat in Bright Yang
			5. Abdominal distension
				a) Full
					Liver-Qi stagnation
						Acupuncture
				b) Empty
					Spleen-Qi deficiency
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Damp-Phlegm obstructing the Spleen
					Liver-Yin deficiency
			6. Abdominal fullness
				a) Cold-Dampness in the Intestines
				b) Damp-Heat in the Intestines
				c) Retention of Food
				d) Stomach and Spleen Deficient and Cold
				e) Heat in Bright Yang (Organ pattern)
			7. Feeling of cold in the abdomen
				a) Yang deficiency of the Stomach and Spleen
				b) Kidney-Yang deficiency
				c) Directing and Penetrating Vessels Deficient and Cold
				d) Stagnation of Cold in the Liver channel
			8. Feeling of pulsation under the umbilicus
				a) Rebellious Qi in the Penetrating Vessel
				b) Kidneys not receiving Qi
				c) Phlegm-Fluids in the abdomen
			9. Feeling of energy rising in the abdomen
				a) Rebellious Qi in the Penetrating Vessel
				b) Stagnant Liver-Qi turned into Heat rebelling upwards
				c) Yin-Cold in the abdomen
			10. Borborygmi
				a) Liver-Qi invading the Spleen
				b) Damp-Heat in the Intestines
				c) Damp-Phlegm in the Intestines
				d) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
				e) Stomach and Spleen Deficient and Cold
			11. Flatulence
				a) Spleen-Qi deficiency
				b) Liver-Qi invading the Spleen
				c) Liver-Qi stagnation
			12. Central-lower abdominal pain
				a) Damp-Heat in the Bladder
				b) Stagnation of Qi in the Bladder
				c) Intestines Deficient and Cold
				d) Stasis of Blood in the Bladder
				e) Liver-Qi stagnation
				f) Liver-Blood stasis
				g) Liver-Fire
				h) Retention of Food and Cold
				i) Spleen-Qi deficiency
				j) Kidney-Yin deficiency
				k) Kidney-Yang deficiency
			13. Lateral-lower abdominal pain
				a) Liver-Qi stagnation
				b) Damp-Heat in the Large Intestine
				c) Cold-Dampness in the Large Intestine
				d) Liver-Blood stasis
				e) Large Intestine Deficient and Cold
				f) Girdle Vessel pain
				g) Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood in the Penetrating Vessel
				h) Stagnation of Cold in the Liver channel
			14. Distended abdominal veins
				a) Stasis of Blood in the Liver and Spleen
				b) Qi stagnation with Dampness
				c) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
				d) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
				e) Blood-Heat
				f) Stagnation of Cold
			15. Abdominal masses
				a) Liver-Qi stagnation
				b) Liver-Blood stasis
				c) Phlegm and retention of food
				d) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
				e) Kidney-Yang deficiency with Liver-Blood stasis
				f) Damp-Phlegm
				g) Damp-Heat
			16. Small hypochondrial lumps
				a) Liver-Blood stasis
			17. Oedema of the abdomen
				a) Spleen-Yang deficiency
				b) Kidney-Yang deficiency
			18. Thin abdomen
				a) Qi and Blood deficiency
				b) Yin deficiency
			19. Large abdomen
				a) Phlegm obstructing the Spleen
			20. Sagging lower abdomen
				a) Damp-Phlegm in the Lower Burner
				b) Severe Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
			21. Lumps in the epigastrium
				a) Damp-Phlegm in the Middle Burner
				b) Blood stasis
				c) Phlegm and Blood stasis in the Middle Burner
			22. Protruding umbilicus
				a) Empty-Cold with Qi stagnation
				b) Blood stasis with oedema
				c) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
			23. Sunken umbilicus
				a) Blood stasis with Spleen-Qi sinking
				b) Damp-Heat in the abdomen
			24. Lines on the abdomen
				a) Blood stasis deriving from Cold
				b) Blood stasis with Blood Heat
			25. Maculae on the abdomen
				a) Blood Heat
				b) Blood stasis
		72 Defecation
			Chapter Contents
			1. Diarrhoea or loose stools
				a) Empty
					Spleen-Qi deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Kidney-Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Full
					Liver-Qi invading the Spleen
						Acupuncture
					Damp-Heat in the Intestines
						Acupuncture
					Cold-Dampness in the Intestines
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Spleen-Qi deficient and sinking
					Retention of food
			2. Diarrhoea with vomiting
				a) Food poisoning
				b) Cold-Dampness in the Stomach and Intestines
				c) Stomach and Intestines Deficient and Cold
				d) Retention of food
				e) Invasion of Summer Heat
			3. Constipation
				a) Full
					Heat in the Intestines
						Acupuncture
					Liver-Fire
						Acupuncture
					Liver-Qi stagnation
						Acupuncture
				b) Empty
					Kidney-Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Blood deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Yin deficiency of the Stomach and Intestines
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Heat in Bright Yang (Organ Syndrome)
					Kidney- and Liver-Yin deficiency
					Spleen- and Lung-Qi deficiency
					Cold in the intestines
					Dampness in the Intestines
					Retention of food in the Intestines
			4. Alternation of constipation and loose stools
				a) Full
					Stagnant Liver-Qi invading the Spleen
						Acupuncture
					Stagnant Liver-Qi invading the Spleen, Dampness
						Acupuncture
				b) Full/Empty
					Stagnant Liver-Qi invading the Spleen, Dampness, Spleen-Qi deficiency
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Severe Spleen-Qi deficiency
			5. Incontinence of faeces
				a) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
				b) Spleen- and Lung-Qi deficiency
			6. Blood and mucus in the stools
				a) Damp-Heat in the Intestines
				b) Deficiency of Yin of the Stomach and Intestines with Empty Heat
				c) Cold-Dampness in the Intestines
				d) Large Intestine Deficient and Cold
				e) Toxic Heat in the Intestines
			7. Mucus in the stools
				a) Dampness in the Intestines
				b) Damp-Heat in the Intestines
			8. Blood in the stools
				a) Damp-Heat in the Intestines
				b) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
				c) Heat in the Intestines
				d) Toxic Heat in the Intestines
				e) Blood stasis in the Intestines
				f) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
			9. Difficulty in defecation
				a) Stagnation of Qi in the Intestines
				b) Damp-Heat in the Intestines
				c) Spleen-Qi deficiency
				d) Intestines Dryness and Liver-Blood deficiency
			10. Straining in defecation
				a) Liver-Qi invading the Spleen
				b) Spleen- and Lung-Qi deficiency
				c) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
				d) Kidney- and Liver-Yin deficiency
				e) Damp-Heat in the Intestines
				f) Heat in the Intestines
		73 Urination
			Chapter Contents
			1. Dark urine
				a) Damp-Heat in the Bladder
				b) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				c) Heat in the Heart and Small Intestine
				d) Damp-Heat in the Liver
				e) Heat in the Intestines
				f) Cold-Dampness in the Intestines
			2. Pale and abundant urine
				a) Kidney-Yang deficiency
				b) Cold in the Bladder
			3. Turbid urine
				a) Dampness in the Bladder
				b) Kidney-Yin deficiency
				c) Kidney-Yang deficiency
				d) Spleen-Qi deficiency
			4. Painful urination
				a) Full
					Damp-Heat in the Bladder
						Acupuncture
					Liver-Fire
						Acupuncture
				b) Empty/Full
					Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Heart-Fire
					Liver-Qi stagnation
					Stasis of Blood in the Bladder
			5. Scanty and difficult urination
				a) Damp-Heat in the Bladder
				b) Liver-Qi stagnation
				c) Kidney-Yin deficiency
				d) Kidney-Yang deficiency
				e) Spleen-Yang deficiency with Dampness
				f) Deficient Lung-Qi not descending
			6. Difficult urination
				a) Full
					Damp-Heat in the Bladder
						Acupuncture
					Liver-Qi stagnation
						Acupuncture
				b) Empty
					Kidney-Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Lung-Qi deficiency
					Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
					Stasis of Blood in the Lower Burner
			7. Frequent urination
				Kidney-Yang deficiency
					Acupuncture
				a) Full
					Damp-Heat in the Bladder
						Acupuncture
				b) Other patterns
					Lung- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
					Kidney-Yin deficiency
			8. Dribbling of urine
				a) Kidney-Qi not firm
				b) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
				c) Damp-Heat in the Bladder
			9. Incontinence of urine
				a) Kidney-Qi not firm
				b) Lung- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
				c) Heat in the Bladder
				d) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
			10. Nocturnal enuresis
				a) Empty
					Kidney-Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Full
					Liver-Fire
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Spleen-Qi deficient and sinking
					Lung-Qi deficiency
					Kidney-Yin deficiency
			11. Urination at night
				a) Kidney-Yang deficiency
				b) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
			12. Blood in the urine
				a) Damp-Heat in the Bladder
				b) Damp-Heat in the Liver
				c) Heart-Fire
				d) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				e) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
			13. Sperm in the urine
				a) Damp-Heat in the Bladder
				b) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				c) Kidney-Qi not firm
		74 Anus
			Chapter Contents
			1. Itching of the anus
				a) Damp-Heat in the Bladder channel
				b) Cold-Dampness in the Bladder channel
				c) Damp-Heat in the Governing Vessel
				d) Blood deficiency generating Empty Wind
			2. Haemorrhoids
				a) Full
					Damp-Heat in the Bladder channel
						Acupuncture
					Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood in the Bladder channel
						Acupuncture
				b) Other patterns
					Spleen-Qi deficient and sinking
					Liver-Fire
			3. Anal prolapse
				a) Spleen-Qi deficient and sinking
				b) Kidney-Yang deficiency
				c) Damp-Heat in the Bladder channel
			4. Anal fissure
				a) Damp-Heat in the Bladder
				b) Blood deficiency and Intestines Dryness
				c) Fire in the Intestines
			5. Anal fistula
				a) Full Heat
				b) Empty Heat
				c) Empty Cold
			6. Anal ulcers
				a) Deficiency of Lungs, Spleen, and Kidneys
				b) Toxic Heat
		75 Men’s Sexual and Genital Symptoms
			Chapter Contents
			1. Impotence
				a) Empty
					Kidney-Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Spleen- and Heart-Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Kidney-Essence deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Full
					Damp-Heat in the Lower-Burner
						Acupuncture
			2. Lack of libido
				a) Kidney-Yang deficiency
				b) Heart-Yang deficiency
				c) Heart-Blood deficiency
				d) Heart- and Spleen-Blood deficiency
				e) Liver-Qi stagnation
			3. Premature ejaculation
				a) Empty
					Kidney-Qi not firm
						Acupuncture
					Spleen- and Heart-Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Full
					Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
						Acupuncture
			4. Nocturnal emissions
				a) Heart-Fire
				b) Spleen-Qi and Heart-Blood deficiency
				c) Heart- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				d) Minister Fire blazing upwards
				e) Kidney-Qi not firm
				f) Damp-Heat in the Lower Burner
				g) Kidney-Essence deficiency
			5. Inability to ejaculate
				a) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				b) Blood stasis in the Lower Burner
			6. Blood in the sperm
				a) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				b) Damp-Heat in the Lower Burner
				c) Toxic Heat in the Lower Burner
				d) Blood stasis in the Lower Burner
			7. Cold-watery sperm
				a) Kidney-Qi not firm
				b) Cold in the Lower Burner
			8. Priapism
				a) Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
				b) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
			9. Tiredness and dizziness after ejaculation
				a) Kidney-Yang deficiency
				b) Kidney-Yin deficiency
				c) Spleen-Blood and Heart-Blood deficiency
			10. Cold genitals
				a) Deficiency of Minister of Fire
				b) Stagnation of Cold in the Liver channel
				c) Cold-Dampness in the Lower Burner
			11. Contraction of the scrotum
				a) Stagnation of Cold in the Liver channel
				b) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
				c) Collapse of Yang
				d) Collapse of Yin
			12. Loose scrotum
				a) Kidney-Yang deficiency
				b) Spleen-Qi sinking
			13. Scrotum drooping to one side
				a) Empty Cold in the Lower Burner
				b) Damp-Phlegm in the Lower Burner
			14. Swollen scrotum
				a) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
				b) Heart-Yang deficiency
				c) Liver-Blood deficiency with Empty Internal Wind
			15. Swollen and oozing scrotum
				a) Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
				b) Toxic Heat in the Liver channel
			16. Pale scrotum
				a) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
			17. Red scrotum
				a) Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
				b) Toxic Heat in the Liver channel
			18. Purple scrotum
				a) Liver-Blood stasis
				b) Damp-Heat with Blood stasis in the Liver channel
			19. Dark scrotum
				a) Stagnation of Cold in the Liver channel
				b) Kidney-Yang deficiency
			20. Itchy scrotum
				a) Damp-Heat in the Lower Burner
				b) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				c) Cold-Dampness in the Lower Burner
			21. Pain and itching of the penis
				a) Damp-Heat in the Lower Burner
				b) Blood stasis in the Lower Burner
				c) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				d) Heart-Fire
			22. Soft and withered penis
				a) Liver-Qi deficiency
				b) Kidney-Yin deficiency
				c) Kidney-Yang deficiency
				d) Phlegm and Blood stasis in the Lower Burner
			23. Swelling and pain of the testicles
				a) Cold in the Lower Burner
				b) Cold-Dampness in the Lower Burner
				c) Damp-Heat in the Lower Burner
				d) Stagnation of Qi in the Lower Burner
				e) Toxic Heat in the Lower Burner
			24. Redness and swelling of the glans penis
				a) Toxic Heat in the Liver channel
				b) Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
			25. Peyronie’s disease
				a) Blood stasis in the Liver channel
				b) Dampness in the Lower Burner with Blood stasis in the Liver channel
				c) Blood stasis in the Liver channel with Kidney-Yang deficiency
				d) Cold in the Liver channel with Blood stasis
			26. Penis ulcers
				a) Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
				b) Liver-Fire
				c) Kidney deficiency with Dampness
				d) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				e) Toxic Heat
			27. Loss of pubic hair
				a) Kidney-Essence deficiency
				b) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
			28. Excessive pubic hair
				a) Phlegm and Blood stasis
				b) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
		76 Sweating
			Chapter Contents
			1. Spontaneous sweating
				a) Empty
					Lung-Qi Deficiency
					Lung-Yang deficiency
					Full Heat
					Phlegm-Heat
					Invasion of Wind-Cold with prevalence of Wind
					Wind-Dampness on the Exterior
					Invasion of Summer-Heat
			2. Night-sweating
				a) Yin deficiency
				b) Yin deficiency with Empty heat
				c) Damp-heat in Stomach and Spleen
				d) Deficiency of Qi and Blood of the Heart
				e) Lesser-Yang Pattern
			3. Sweating from collapse
				a) Collapse of Qi and Yin
				b) Collapse of Yang
			4. Yellow sweat
				a) Damp-Heat
				b) Nutritive and Defensive Qi Obstructed
				c) Stagnant Liver-Qi turned into Heat
				d) Spleen- and Lung-Qi deficiency
				e) Yin deficiency with Empty Heat and Dampness
			5. Unilateral sweating
				a) Wind-Phlegm
				b) Phlegm with Blood stasis
				c) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
				d) Cold-Dampness
				e) Nutritive and Defensive Qi not harmonized
				f) Wind-Dampness in the Girdle Vessel
			6. Sweating on the head
				a) Stomach Damp-Heat steaming upwards
				b) Liver-Fire
				c) Deficient Yang floating upwards
				d) Retention of Food with Stomach-Heat in children
			7. Sweating on the chest
				a) Heart- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
				b) Heart- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
			8. Sweating of hands and feet
				a) Damp-Heat in Stomach and Spleen
				b) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
				c) Stomach- and Spleen-Yin deficiency
			9. Sweating of the palms
				a) Lung-Qi Deficiency
				b) Lung-Yin Deficiency
				c) Heart-Qi Deficiency
				d) Heart-Yang Deficiency
				e) Heart-Yin Deficiency
			10.Sweating in the axillae
				a) Liver-Yin Deficiency with Empty Heat
				b) Damp-Heat in liver and Gall-Bladder
				c) Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				d) Heart-Fire
			11. Absence of sweating
				a) Invasion of Wind-Cold
				b) Cold on the Exterior, heat in the Interior
				c) Cold-Dampness on the Exterior
			End Notes
		77 Skin Signs
			Chapter Contents
			1. Greasy skin
				a) Dampness
				b) Damp-Phlegm
				c) Phlegm-Heat
			2. Dry skin
				a) Empty
					Liver-Blood deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Lung-Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Kidney-Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Liver-Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Lung Dryness
						Acupuncture
				b) Full
					Severe, chronic Blood stasis
						Acupuncture
					Full Heat
						Acupuncture
					Empty Heat
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Wind-Dryness invading the Lungs
					Wind in the skin
					Liver-Blood deficiency with Empty Wind
			3. Eczema
				a) Full
					Damp-Heat with predominance of Heat
						Acupuncture
					Damp-Heat with predominance of Dampness
						Acupuncture
				b) Empty
					Blood deficient and dry
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Spleen-Qi deficiency with Dampness
			4. Psoriasis
				a) Blood-Heat
				b) Blood-Heat with Wind and Dryness
				c) Blood deficient and dry with Wind in the skin
				d) Blood stasis
				e) Blood stasis with Wind and Dryness
				f) Wind and Heat in the skin
				g) Blood Heat with Wind and Dampness in the skin
				h) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty-Heat
			5. Acne
				a) Full
					Damp-Heat in the skin
						Acupuncture
					Toxic Heat in the skin
						Acupuncture
					Toxic Heat with Blood stasis in the skin
						Acupuncture
				b) Empty
					Spleen-Qi deficiency with Dampness
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Heat in the Stomach and Lungs
					Damp-Phlegm in the skin
					Damp-Phlegm with Blood stasis in the skin
					Disharmony of Penetrating and Directing Vessels
			6. Urticaria
				a) Wind-Heat in the skin
				b) Wind-Cold in the skin
				c) Heart-Fire
				d) Liver-Blood deficiency with internal Wind
				e) Toxic Heat in the skin
				f) Wind-Heat in the skin with Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
				g) Disharmony of the Penetrating and Directing Vessels
				h) Blood stasis in the skin
				i) Stomach-Heat
				j) Blood Heat
			7. Rosacea
				a) Heat in Lungs and Stomach
				b) Blood Heat
				c) Blood stasis
				d) Toxic Heat
			8. Herpes simplex
				a) Damp-Heat in the skin
				b) Damp-Heat in the skin with Spleen-Qi deficiency
				c) Damp-Heat with Toxic Heat in the skin
				d) Invasion of Toxic Heat
				e) Damp-Heat with invasion of Wind-Heat
				f) Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
				g) Yin deficiency with Empty Heat and Damp-Heat
			9. Herpes zoster
				a) Full
					Wind-Heat in the skin
						Acupuncture
					Damp-Heat in the skin
						Acupuncture
					Damp-Heat in the Gall-Bladder
						Acupuncture
				b) Other patterns
					Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
					Toxic Heat
					Blood stasis
			10. Warts
				a) Blood deficiency and dryness
				b) Blood Heat
				c) Blood stasis
				d) Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
				e) Damp-Heat with Toxic Heat
			11. Naevi (moles)
				a) Blood-Heat
				b) Damp-Heat
				c) Blood stasis
			12. Tinea
				a) Damp-Heat
				b) Toxic Heat
				c) Wind-Heat
				d) Dampness with chronic Spleen-Qi deficiency
			13. Candida
				a) Damp-Heat
				b) Dampness
				c) Dampness with chronic Spleen-Qi deficiency
			14. Malignant melanoma
				a) Blood Heat
				b) Blood stasis
				c) Blood-Heat with Damp-Heat
			15. Furuncle (boil) on the head
				a) Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
				b) Summer-Heat with Toxic Heat
			16. Neck carbuncle
				a) Damp-Heat in Stomach and Spleen
				b) Empty Heat with Toxic Heat in the Stomach
				c) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
			17. Neck ulcers
				a) Heat in Liver and Stomach
				b) Toxic Heat in Lungs and Stomach
				c) Liver-Qi and Liver-Blood stagnation
				d) Liver-Qi stagnation and Liver-Blood stasis with Phlegm
			18. Rash in the axillae
				a) Liver-Qi stagnation with Blood Heat
				b) Toxic Heat
				c) Damp-Heat in the Gall-Bladder
				d) Heart-Fire
			19. Carbuncles on the upper back
				a) Toxic Heat in Stomach and Lungs
				b) Summer Heat
			20. Red, itchy and swollen fingers
				a) Toxic Heat in the Stomach
				b) Damp-Heat in the Stomach
				c) Invasion of External Toxic Heat
			21. Nodules under the skin
				a) Spleen-Qi deficiency with Phlegm
				b) Phlegm-Heat
				c) Wind-Phlegm
		78 Emotional Symptoms
			Chapter Contents
			1. Propensity to anger
				a) Full
					Liver-Qi stagnation
						Acupuncture
					Liver-Yang rising
						Acupuncture
					Liver-Fire
						Acupuncture
			2. Propensity to worry
				a) Empty
					Lung-Qi deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Heart- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Full
					Lung-Qi stagnation
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Heart-Blood deficiency
					Liver-Blood deficiency
					Heart-Yin deficiency
					Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
			3. Sadness
				a) Empty
					Lung- and Heart-Qi deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Heart-Blood deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Liver-Blood deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Other patterns
					Lung-Qi stagnation
			4. Fear/anxiety
				a) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
				b) Kidney-Yin deficiency
				c) Kidney-Yang deficiency
				d) Liver-Blood deficiency
				e) Gall-Bladder deficiency
				f) Liver-Qi deficiency
			5. Easily startled
				a) Heart-Blood deficiency
				b) Heart-Yin deficiency
				c) Deficiency of Heart and Gall-Bladder
				d) Heart-Fire
				e) Phlegm-Fire harassing the Heart
				f) Liver-Qi stagnation and Blood deficiency
			6. Excess joy
				a) Heart-Fire
				b) Heart Empty Heat
				c) Phlegm-Fire harassing the Heart
			7. Mental restlessness
				a) Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				b) Phlegm-Heat in the Stomach and Heart
				c) Heart-Fire
				d) Lung-Heat
			8. Severe timidity
				a) Gall-Bladder deficiency
				b) Liver-Qi deficiency
				c) Kidney-Yang deficiency
				d) Heart- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
				e) Heart- and Spleen-Blood deficiency
			9. Inappropriate laughter
				a) Heart-Fire
				b) Phlegm-Fire harassing the Heart
				c) Kidney- and Heart-Yin deficiency with Heart Empty Heat
		79 Mental and Emotional Symptoms
			Chapter Contents
			1. Depression
				a) Full
					Liver-Qi stagnation
						Acupuncture
					Liver-Qi stagnation with Qi-Phlegm
						Acupuncture
				b) Empty
					Kidney-Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Heart-Blood deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Liver-Blood deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Spleen- and Heart-Blood deficiency
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Stagnant Liver-Qi turned into Heat rebelling upwards
					Heart-Yang deficiency
					Heart- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
					Phlegm-Fire harassing the Heart
					Heart-Blood stasis
					Heat in the Gall-Bladder
					Worry injuring the Mind
					Diaphragm Heat
			2. Depression and manic behaviour
				a) Depressive phase
					Stagnation of Qi and Phlegm
					Heart- and Spleen-Blood deficiency
				b) Manic phase
					Phlegm-Fire harassing the Mind
					Stomach Phlegm-Fire affecting the Heart
					Stomach and Pericardium Fire
					Fire injuring Yin
			3. Anxiety
				a) Empty
					Heart-Blood deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Heart-Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Kidney-Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Empty/full
					Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
						Acupuncture
					Heart- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
						Acupuncture
				c) Full
					Heart-Fire
						Acupuncture
					Phlegm-Fire harassing the Heart
						Acupuncture
				d) Other patterns
					Heart-Blood stasis
					Liver-Blood deficiency
					Liver-Yin deficiency
					Liver-Qi stagnation
					Liver-Fire
					Liver-Yang rising
					Deficiency of Qi of the Heart and Gall-Bladder
					Diaphragm Heat
			4. Irritability
				a) Liver-Qi stagnation
				b) Lung-Qi stagnation
				c) Liver-Blood stasis
				d) Heart-Blood stasis
				e) Liver-Yang rising
				f) Liver-Fire
				g) Heart-Fire
				h) Lung-Heat
				i) Stomach-Heat
				j) Liver-Blood deficiency
				k) Kidney-Yin deficiency
				l) Heart-Blood deficiency
				m) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				n) Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				o) Damp-Heat
			5. Schizophrenia
				a) Heart- and Spleen-Blood deficiency
				b) Stagnation of Qi and Phlegm
				c) Phlegm-Fire harassing the Heart
				d) Phlegm-Fire and Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
		80 Mental Difficulties
			Chapter Contents
			1. Poor memory
				a) Empty
					Qi and Blood deficiency of the Heart and Spleen
						Acupuncture
					Kidney deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Full
					Turbid Phlegm in the Heart
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Heart- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
					Heart-Blood stasis
			2. Difficulty in concentration
				a) Empty
					Spleen-Qi and Spleen-Blood deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Heart-Blood deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Kidney deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Full
					Phlegm
						Acupuncture
					Dampness
						Acupuncture
			3. Learning difficulty in children
				a) Spleen- and Heart-Blood deficiency
				b) Emptiness of the Sea of Marrow
			4. Hyperactivity
				a) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Liver-Yang rising
				b) Qi deficiency of Spleen and Heart with floating Yang
				c) Liver-Fire
				d) Phlegm-Fire
				e) Blood stasis leading to obstruction of the upper orifices
		81 Sleep
			Chapter Contents
			1. Insomnia
				a) Empty
					Heart-Blood deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Deficiency of Qi and Blood of the Spleen and Heart
						Acupuncture
					Heart-Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Liver-Blood deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Liver-Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Heart- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Full
					Liver-Fire
						Acupuncture
					Phlegm-Fire harassing the Heart
						Acupuncture
					Heart-Fire
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Heart- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Heart Empty Heat
					Gall-Bladder and Heart deficiency
					Residual Heat in the diaphragm
			2. Excessive dreaming
				a) Liver-Fire
				b) Heart-Fire
				c) Phlegm-Fire harassing the Heart
				d) Phlegm-Fire in the Stomach
				e) Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				f) Liver-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				g) Heart- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				h) Heart and Gall-Bladder deficiency
			3. Somnolence
				a) Empty/Full
					Spleen-Yang deficiency with Dampness
						Acupuncture
					Spleen-Qi deficiency with Phlegm
						Acupuncture
				b) Empty
					Spleen- and Heart-Qi deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Kidney-Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
			4. Sleep-talking
				a) Heart-Fire
				b) Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				c) Liver-Yin deficiency
				d) Liver-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				e) Gall-Bladder Heat
				f) Stomach-Heat
				g) Heart-Blood deficiency
			5. Sleep-walking
				a) Liver-Yin deficiency
				b) Liver-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				c) Liver-Blood stasis
			6. Snoring
				a) Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
				b) Damp-Phlegm in the Lungs
				c) Dry Phlegm in the Lungs
				d) Phlegm in the Lungs with Lung- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
			References
		82 Feeling of Cold, Feeling of Heat, Fever
			Chapter Contents
			1. Feeling of cold, shivering
				Exterior
					a) Full
						Invasion of exterior Wind
							Acupuncture
				b) Other patterns
					Lesser-Yang pattern
					Lesser-Yang pattern with predominance of Heat
					Exterior Cold and Interior Heat
					Long-lasting invasion of Wind-Heat
				Interior
					a) Empty
						Deficiency of Yang of the Heart and/or Lungs
							Acupuncture
					Yang deficiency of the Stomach and Spleen
						Acupuncture
					Kidney-Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Heart-Blood deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Liver-Blood deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Full
					Internal Cold
						Acupuncture
					Liver-Qi stagnation
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Phlegm in the Interior
					Heat stagnating in the Interior (True Heat-False Cold)
			2. Fever
				Acute fever
				a) Full
					Invasion of external Wind-Heat in the Lungs’ Defensive-Qi portion
						Acupuncture
					Heat in the Lungs (Qi level)
						Acupuncture
				b) Other patterns
					Invasion of External Wind-Cold
					Invasion of Summer-Heat
					Heat in Bright Yang – Channel pattern
					Heat in Bright Yang – Organ pattern
					Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Intestines
					Heat at Nutritive-Qi level
					Heat at Blood level
				Chronic fever
					Empty Heat from Yin deficiency
					Qi Deficiency
					Blood deficiency
					Stagnant Liver-Qi turned into Heat rebelling upwards
					Blood stasis
				Tidal fever
					Yin deficiency
					Stomach- and Spleen-Qi Deficiency
					Blood Stasis
					Bright-Yang Organ Pattern
					Summer-Heat
				Fever in cancer
					Blood stasis
					Phlegm
					Damp-Heat
					Toxic-Heat
					Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
					Stagnant Liver-Qi turned into Heat rebelling upwards
					Heat in Nutritive-Qi
					Yang deficiency
				Fever after chemotherapy
					Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
					Deficiency of Qi and Blood
					Blood Heat
			3. 5-palm heat
				a) Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				b) Blood deficiency
				c) Liver-Fire
				d) Latent Heat in Lesser Yin
			4. Contradictory feelings of cold and heat
				a) Simultaneous deficiency of Kidney-Yin and Kidney-Yang with prevalence of Kidney-Yin
				b) Simultaneous deficiency of Kidney-Yin and Kidney-Yang with prevalence of Kidney-Yang
				c) Blood deficiency
				d) Disharmony of Penetrating Vessel
				e) Co-existence of a Heat and a Cold pattern in different organs
				f) Lesser-Yang pattern (Six Stages)
				g) Gall-Bladder Heat (Four Levels)
		83 Voice, Speech and Sounds
			Chapter Contents
			1. Loud voice
				a) Heart-Fire
				b) Liver-Fire
				c) Liver-Qi stagnation
				d) Lung-Heat
				e) Lung-Qi stagnation
			2. Weak voice
				a) Empty
					Lung-Qi deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Spleen-Qi deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Kidney-Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Other patterns
					Severe depletion of Qi
			3. Muffled voice
				a) Invasion of Wind
				b) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
			4. Hoarse voice
				a) Full
					Lung-Qi stagnation
						Acupuncture
				b) Empty
					Lung- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Phlegm and Blood stasis
					Collapse of Yin or Yang
					Kidney channel pathology in pregnancy
					Invasion of Wind-Heat
			5. Nasal voice
				a) Invasion of Wind-Cold
				b) Invasion of Wind-Dampness
				c) Phlegm in the nasal passages
				d) Dampness in the nasal passages
				e) Spleen- and Lung-Qi deficiency with Phlegm and/or Dampness in the nasal passages
			6. Snoring
				a) Full
					Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
						Acupuncture
					Damp-Phlegm in the Lungs
						Acupuncture
					Dry Phlegm in the Lungs
						Acupuncture
				b) Full/Empty
					Phlegm in the Lungs with Lung- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
						Acupuncture
			7. Slurred speech
				a) Phlegm
				b) Wind-Phlegm
				c) Heart-Blood deficiency
			8. Incoherent, incessant speech
				a) Phlegm-Fire harassing the Heart
			9. Muttering to oneself
				a) Phlegm obstructing the Mind’s orifices
			10. Delirious speech
				a) Heat in the Pericardium
			11. Difficulty in finding words
				a) Phlegm
				b) Heart-Blood deficiency
				c) Kidney deficiency
			12. Stuttering
				a) Heart-Blood deficiency
				b) Heart-Fire
			13. Groaning
				a) Dampness
				b) Qi stagnation
			14. Crying out
				a) Blood stasis
				b) Damp-Heat
				c) Toxic-Heat
	2 Gynaecological Symptoms and Signs
		Introduction
		84 Menstrual Symptoms
			Chapter Contents
			1. Pale menstrual blood
				a) Blood deficiency
				b) Qi deficiency
				c) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
				d) Damp-Phlegm in the Uterus
			2. Purple menstrual blood
				a) Qi stagnation and Blood stasis in the Uterus
				b) Blood stasis with Heat in the Uterus
				c) Blood stasis with Cold in the Uterus
				d) Blood deficiency with Cold in the Uterus
			3. Menstrual clots
				a) Full
					Blood stasis in the Uterus (and Liver)
						Acupuncture
					Cold in the Uterus
						Acupuncture
				b) Other patterns
					Blood Heat
					Qi deficiency
			4. Sticky menstrual blood
				a) Damp-Heat in the Uterus
				b) Damp-Phlegm in the Uterus
				c) Liver and Heart-Fire
				d) Blood stasis in the Uterus with Heat
			5. Watery menstrual blood
				a) Qi deficiency
				b) Blood deficiency
				c) Cold-Dampness in the Uterus
				d) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
				e) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
			6. Early periods (short cycle)
				a) Qi deficiency
				b) Blood Heat
				c) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
				d) Blood stasis in the Uterus
			7. Late periods (long cycle)
				a) Blood deficiency
				b) Cold in the Uterus
				c) Damp-Phlegm in the Uterus
				d) Kidney deficiency
			8. Irregular periods
				a) Full
					Liver-Qi stagnation
						Acupuncture
				b) Empty
					Kidney deficiency
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Heart- and Spleen-Blood deficiency
			9. Heavy periods
				a) Empty
					Qi deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Full
					Blood Heat
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Liver-Fire
					Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Blood Empty Heat
					Blood stasis in the Uterus
			10. Scanty periods
				a) Blood deficiency
				b) Kidney-Yang deficiency
				c) Kidney-Yin deficiency
				d) Blood stasis in the Uterus
				e) Phlegm obstructing the Uterus
				f) Cold in the Uterus
			11. Painful periods
				a) Full
					Liver-Qi stagnation
						Acupuncture
					Liver-Blood stasis
						Acupuncture
					Stagnation of Cold in the Uterus
						Acupuncture
				b) Other patterns
					Damp-Heat in the Uterus
					Stagnant Liver-Qi turning to Liver-Fire
					Deficiency of Qi and Blood
					Spleen-Yang and Liver-Blood deficiency
					Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
			12. No periods
				a) Empty
					Blood deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Liver and Kidney deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Full
					Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
						Acupuncture
					Damp-Phlegm in the Uterus
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Lung-Yin and Blood deficiency
					Heart- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
					Heart- and Spleen-Blood deficiency
					Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
					Damp-Phlegm in the Uterus
			13. Mid-cycle bleeding
				a) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				b) Damp-Heat
				c) Blood-Stasis
				d) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
			14. Periods starting and stopping
				a) Blood stasis in the Uterus
				b) Cold in the Uterus
				c) Liver-Qi stagnation
			15. Periods returning after the menopause
				a) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				b) Stagnant Liver-Qi turned into Liver-Fire
				c) Spleen-Qi deficiency
				d) Toxic Heat in the Uterus
		85 Problems at Period Time
			Chapter Contents
			1. Pre-menstrual tension
				a) Full
					Liver-Qi stagnation
						Acupuncture
					Liver- and Heart-Fire
						Acupuncture
					Heart-Fire
						Acupuncture
				b) Empty/Full
					Liver-Blood deficiency with secondary Liver-Qi stagnation
						Acupuncture
					Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Phlegm-Fire harassing upwards
					Spleen-Qi deficiency with Dampness and secondary Liver-Qi stagnation
			2. Headache
				a) Liver-Blood deficiency
				b) Liver-Yang rising
				c) Liver-Fire
				d) Blood stasis
			3. Breast distension
				a) Liver-Qi stagnation
				b) Liver-Blood stasis
				c) Phlegm with stagnation of Qi
				d) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Liver-Qi stagnation
				e) Stagnant Liver-Qi turning to Liver-Fire
				f) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency with Liver-Qi stagnation
				g) Liver-Blood and Kidney-Yang deficiency
				h) Lung-Qi stagnation
				i) Phlegm with Lung-Qi stagnation
			4. Fever
				a) Blood Heat
				b) Kidney- and Liver-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				c) Qi and Blood deficiency with disharmony of Nutritive and Defensive Qi
				d) Blood stasis in the Uterus
			5. Body aches
				a) Blood deficiency
				b) Blood stasis
			6. Oedema
				a) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
				b) Qi Stagnation
			7. Diarrhoea
				a) Spleen-Qi deficiency
				b) Stagnant Liver-Qi invading the Spleen
				c) Kidney-Yang deficiency
			8. Constipation
				a) Stagnant Liver-Qi invading the Intestines
				b) Liver-Blood deficiency
				c) Kidney-Yang deficiency
			9. Nose bleed
				a) Stagnant Liver-Qi turning into Fire
				b) Lung- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				c) Stomach-Fire
				d) Spleen-Qi deficiency
			10. Mouth ulcers
				a) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				b) Stomach-Fire
				c) Stomach Damp-Heat with Spleen-Qi deficiency
			11. Skin eruptions
				a) Blood deficiency
				b) Wind-Heat invading Blood
			12. Dizziness
				a) Blood deficiency
				b) Kidney- and Liver-Yin deficiency with Liver-Yang rising
				c) Phlegm with Spleen-Qi deficiency
			13. Vomiting
				a) Stagnant Liver-Qi invading the Stomach
				b) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
				c) Phlegm with Spleen-Qi deficiency
			14. Insomnia
				a) Liver-Yang rising
				b) Liver- and Heart-Fire
				c) Heart- and Spleen-Blood deficiency
			15. Eye pain
				a) Liver-Blood deficiency
				b) Liver-Blood deficiency giving rise to Internal Wind
				c) Liver-Fire
				d) Liver-Blood stasis
		86 Problems of Pregnancy
			Chapter Contents
			1. Morning sickness
				a) Empty
					Stomach-Qi deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Stomach-Qi deficiency with Empty Cold
						Acupuncture
					Stomach-Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Full
					Stagnant liver-Qi invading the Stomach
						Acupuncture
					Stomach-Heat
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Accumulation of Phlegm
					Heart-Qi deficiency
					Heart-Fire
			2. Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy
				a) Spleen-Qi deficiency
				b) Liver-Blood deficiency
				c) Kidney-Yang deficiency
				d) Blood-Heat
				e) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				f) Trauma
			3. Abdominal pain during pregnancy
				a) Liver-Blood deficiency
				b) Liver-Qi stagnation
				c) Empty-Cold in the uterus
			4. Threatened miscarriage
				a) Empty
					Kidney deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Other patterns
					Deficiency of Qi and Blood
					Blood-Heat
					Liver-Qi stagnation
					Falls, trauma
			5. Oedema
				a) Spleen-Yang deficiency
				b) Kidney-Yang deficiency
				c) Qi stagnation
			6. Painful urination
				a) Heart-Fire
				b) Damp-Heat in the Bladder
				c) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				d) Spleen-Qi deficiency
			7. Retention of urine
				a) Spleen-Qi deficient and sinking
				b) Kidney-Qi deficient and sinking
				c) Damp-Heat in the Bladder
				d) Liver-Qi stagnation
			8. Blood in the urine
				a) Heart-Fire
				b) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				c) Liver-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
			9. Constipation
				a) Liver-Blood deficiency
				b) Kidney-Yang deficiency
				c) Kidney-Yin deficiency
				c) Liver-Qi stagnation
			10. Anxiety
				a) Liver-Fire
				b) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				c) Phlegm-Fire harassing the Mind
				d) Heart-Fire
				e) Liver-Qi stagnation
			11. Dizziness
				a) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Liver-Yang rising
				b) Spleen deficiency with Liver-Yang rising and Phlegm
				c) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
			12. Cough
				a) Lung-Yin deficiency
				b) Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
				c) Damp-Phlegm in the Lungs
			13. Loss of voice
				a) Kidney-Yin deficiency
				b) Phlegm-Heat
				c) Lung-Yin deficiency
			14. Feeling of suffocation
				a) Qi stagnation with disharmony of the Liver and Spleen
				b) Qi stagnation with deficiency of Blood and Kidneys
			15. Convulsions
				a) Liver-Wind agitating within
				b) Phlegm-Fire harassing upwards
				c) Empty-Wind
				d) Blood deficiency
			16. Foetus not growing
				a) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
				b) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
			17. Breech presentation
				a) Liver-Qi stagnation
				b) Spleen-Qi deficiency with Dampness
				c) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
			18. Habitual miscarriage
				a) Empty
					Kidney-Yang deficiency
						Acupuncture
					Kidney-Yin deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Full
					Blood-Heat
						Acupuncture
					Blood stasis
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Spleen-Qi deficiency
					Blood deficiency
		87 Problems After Childbirth
			Chapter Contents
			1. Retention of placenta
				a) Kidney-Qi deficiency
				b) Liver-Blood stasis
				c) Cold in the Uterus
			2. Persistent lochial discharge
				a) Kidney-Qi deficiency
				b) Liver-Blood stasis
				c) Blood Heat
				d) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
			3. Retention of lochia
				a) Qi stagnation and Blood stasis
				b) Stagnation of Cold and Stasis of Blood
				c) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
			4. Abdominal pain
				a) Liver-Blood deficiency
				b) Liver-Blood Stasis
				c) Retention of Food
				d) Cold in the Uterus
			5. Vaginal bleeding
				a) Kidney-Qi deficiency
				b) Liver-Blood stasis
			6. Urinary difficulty
				a) Spleen-Qi deficiency
				b) Kidney-Qi deficiency
				c) Liver-Qi stagnation
				d) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Bladder-Heat
				e) Lung- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
				f) Injury to the Bladder
			7. Constipation
				a) Liver-Blood deficiency
				b) Kidney-Yang deficiency
				c) Kidney-Yin deficiency
				d) Cold in the Uterus
			8. Sweating
				a) Kidney-Qi deficiency
				b) Kidney-Yin deficiency
			9. Dizziness
				a) Liver-Blood deficiency
				b) Blood stasis
				c) Kidney deficiency
			10. Oedema
				a) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
				b) Qi stagnation and Blood stasis
				c) Spleen-Qi deficiency
				d) Kidney-Yang deficiency
				e) Damp-Heat
			11. Fever
				a) Invasion of external toxins
				b) Invasion of Wind-Cold
				c) Invasion of Wind-Heat
				d) Spleen-Qi deficiency
				e) Liver-Blood deficiency
				f) Liver-Blood Stasis
				g) Steaming Breast
				h) Retention of Food
			12. Joint pain
				a) Liver-Blood deficiency
				b) Invasion of Wind
				c) Liver-Blood stasis
				d) Liver-Blood and Kidney-Yang deficiency
			13. Hypochondrial pain
				a) Liver-Blood deficiency
				b) Liver-Qi stagnation
				c) Liver-Blood stasis
			14. Breast milk not flowing
				a) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
				b) Liver-Qi stagnation
			15. Spontaneous flow of milk
				a) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
				b) Liver-Fire
			16. Post-natal depression/ psychosis
				a) Empty
					Liver- and Heart-Blood deficiency
						Acupuncture
				b) Full
					Heart-Blood stasis
						Acupuncture
				c) Other patterns
					Liver- and Heart-Yin deficiency
			17. Collapse
				a) Collapse of Qi with deficiency of Blood
				b) Blood stasis
			18. Convulsions
				a) Blood and Yin deficiency with Empty Wind
				b) Exterior invasion of Toxin
			19. Amenorrhoea after miscarriage
				a) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
				b) Liver-Blood stasis
				c) Liver-Qi stagnation
		88 Breast Signs
			Chapter Contents
			1. Breast distension
				a) Full
					i) Liver-Qi stagnation
					ii) Phlegm and Qi stagnation
				b) Empty
					i) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
					ii) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
				c) Other Patterns
					i) Lung-Qi stagnation
					ii) Phlegm with Lung-Qi stagnation
			2. Swollen breasts
				i) Liver-Qi stagnation with Phlegm
				ii) Liver-Qi stagnation with Phlegm-Heat
				iii) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency with Phlegm
			3. Breast pain
				i) Severe Liver-Qi stagnation
				ii) Liver-Qi stagnation with Phlegm
				iii) Liver-Blood stasis
				iv) Toxic Heat
			4. Breast lumps
				i) Liver-Qi stagnation
				ii) Liver-Qi stagnation with Blood stasis
				iii) Phlegm and Qi stagnation
				iv) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency with Phlegm
				v) Disharmony of Directing and Penetrating vessels
				vi) Stagnant Liver Qi turned into Fire
				vii) Phlegm with Lung-Qi stagnation
				viii) Toxic Heat
				ix) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
			5. Redness and swelling of the breasts
				Stagnant Liver-Qi turning into Heat with Blood stasis
				i) Toxic Heat
				ii) Stagnant Liver-Qi turning into Heat
			6. Milky nipple discharge
				i) Severe deficiency of Qi and Blood
				ii) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
				iii) Liver-Qi stagnation
			7. Sticky-yellow nipple discharge
				i) Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
				ii) Toxic Heat
			8. Bloody discharge from the nipple
				i) Toxic Heat
				ii) Stagnant Liver-Qi turning into Heat
				iii) Deficiency of the Liver and Kidneys and of the Penetrating Vessel
			9. Cracked nipples
				i) Stagnant Liver-Qi turning into Fire
				ii) Yin deficiency with Blood-Heat
			10. Inverted nipples
				i) Liver-Qi stagnation and Liver-Blood stasis with Phlegm
				ii) Toxic Heat with Blood stasis
			11. Peau d’orange
				i) Liver-Qi stagnation and Liver-Blood stasis with Phlegm
				ii) Toxic Heat with Blood stasis
			12. Small breasts
				i) Qi and Blood deficiency
				ii) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
				iii) Stomach-Qi deficiency
				iv) Blood deficient and dry
		89 Miscellaneous Gynaecological Symptoms
			Chapter Contents
			1. Infertility
				i) Kidney deficiency
				ii) Blood deficiency
				iii) Cold in the Uterus
				iv) Dampness in the Lower Burner
				v) Blood Heat
				vi) Qi stagnation
				vii) Blood stasis
				viii) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Blood Empty Heat
			2. Menopausal syndrome
				i) Kidney-Yin deficiency
				ii) Kidney-Yang deficiency
				iii) Kidney-Yin and Kidney-Yang deficiency
				iv) Kidney- and Liver-Yin deficiency with Liver-Yang rising
				v) Heart- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
				vi) Accumulation of Phlegm and stagnation of Qi
				vii) Blood stasis
			3. Abdominal masses
				i) Liver-Qi stagnation
				ii) Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
				iii) Blood stasis knotted in the interior
				iv) Damp-Phlegm
			4. Vaginal discharge
				a) White vaginal discharge
					i) Spleen-Qi deficiency
					ii) Kidney-Yang deficiency
					iii) Cold-Dampness
					iv) Damp-Heat
				b) Yellow vaginal discharge
					i) Damp-Heat
					ii) Spleen-Qi deficiency
				c) Red-white vaginal discharge
					i) Damp-Heat
					ii) Liver-Qi stagnation with Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
					iii) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
				d) Five-colour vaginal discharge
					i) Damp-Heat
					ii) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
					iii) Cold in the Lower Burner
					iv) Liver-Qi stagnation with Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
					v) Toxic Heat
			5. Vaginal itching
				i) Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
				ii) Spleen-Qi deficiency with Dampness
				iii) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
			6. Genital eczema
				i) Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
				ii) Blood deficient and dry
			7. Vulvar sores
				i) Toxic Heat with Liver-Fire and Damp-Heat
				ii) Toxic Heat with Blood stasis in the Liver Channel
				iii) Retention of Cold
			8. Swelling of the vulva
				i) Toxic Heat with Blood stasis in the Liver channel
				ii) Damp-Phlegm in the Lower Burner
				iii) Damp-Heat and Toxic-Heat in the Liver channel
			9. Prolapse of uterus
				i) Spleen-Qi sinking
				ii) Kidney-Qi deficient and sinking
			10. Prolapse of vagina
				i) Spleen-Qi sinking
				ii) Kidney-Qi not Firm
			11. Leukoplakia
				i) Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
				ii) Spleen-Qi deficiency with Dampness
				iii) Liver-Blood deficiency
				iv) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
				v) Kidney-Yang deficiency
			12. Dyspareunia
				i) Liver-Blood stasis
				ii) Dampness in the Lower Burner
				iii) Liver-Fire
				iv) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
			13. Bleeding on intercourse
				i) Kidney- and Liver-Yin deficiency
				ii) Damp-Heat in the Directing and Penetrating vessels
				iii) Spleen-Qi deficiency
			14. Lack of libido
				i) Heart-Qi deficiency
				ii) Heart- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Heart Empty Heat
				iii) Kidney-Yang deficiency
				iv) Liver-Blood deficiency
				v) Liver-Qi stagnation
				vi) Dampness in the Lower Burner
			15. Loss of pubic hair
				i) Kidney-Essence deficiency
				ii) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
			16. Excessive pubic hair
				i) Phlegm and Blood stasis
				ii) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
			End Notes
	3 Paediatric Symptoms and Signs
		Introduction
		90 Children’s Problems
			Chapter Contents
			1. Fever
				a) Full
					i) External invasion of Wind-Cold
					ii) External invasion of Wind-Heat
					iii) Heat in Bright Yang
					iv) Heat at the Ying level
					v) Heat at the Blood level
				b) Other Patterns
					i) Dry-Heat in the Intestines
			2. Low-grade fever
				i) Retention of food
				ii) Residual Heat in the Lungs
				iii) Damp-Heat
				iv) Qi deficiency
				v) Yin deficiency
			3. Vomiting
				i) Accumulation of breast milk from overfeeding in infants
				ii) Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
				iii) Stomach-Qi deficiency
				iv) Stomach-Yin deficiency
				v) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
				vi) Invasion of Cold in the Stomach
			4. Diarrhoea
				a) Empty
					i) Spleen-Qi deficiency
				b) Full
					i) Retention of food
					ii) Invasion of Cold in the Spleen
					iii) Invasion of Damp-Heat
			5. Cough
				a) Full
					i) Invasion of Wind-Cold
					ii) Invasion of Wind-Heat
					iii) Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
					iv) Damp-Phlegm in the Lungs
				b) Empty
					i) Lung- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
			6. Wheezing
				a) Full
					i) Cold-Phlegm in the Lungs
					ii) Damp-Phlegm in the Lungs
					iii) Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
				b) Full/Empty
					iv) Residual Phlegm in the Lungs with Lung-Qi deficiency
					v) Residual Phlegm in the Lungs with Spleen-Qi deficiency
				b) Empty
					i) Deficiency of the Defensive-Qi system of the Lungs and Kidneys
			7. Earache
				a) Full
					i) Invasion of Wind-Heat in the Lesser-Yang channels
					ii) Invasion of Damp-Heat in the Lesser-Yang channels
					iii) Damp-Heat in the Gall-Bladder and Liver channels
				b) Full/Empty
					i) Residual Damp-Heat in the Lesser-Yang channels with Spleen-Qi deficiency
			8. Glue ear
				i) Damp-Phlegm
				ii) Dampness
			9. Hot palms and soles
				i) Accumulation Disorder with Spleen deficiency
				ii) Blood and Yin deficiency
			10. Constitutional weakness
				a) Empty
					i) Heart deficiency
					ii) Liver deficiency
					iii) Spleen deficiency
					iv) Lung deficiency
					v) Kidney deficiency
			11. Constipation in infancy
				i) Foetus Heat
				ii) Constitutional weakness
			12. Retention of urine in infancy
				i) Heat in the Bladder
				ii) Deficiency of original Qi
			13. Crying
				i) Spleen deficient and Cold
				ii) Heart-Heat
				iii) Heart deficiency
				iv) Shock
				v) Retention of food
			14. Crying at night in babies
				i) Spleen deficient and Cold
				ii) Heart-Heat
				iii) Shock
			15. Disturbed sleep
				a) Full
					i) Liver-Fire
					ii) Heart-Fire
					iii) Residual pathogenic factor (Heat)
					iv) Retention of food
					v) Stomach-Heat
					vi) Shock
			16. Accumulation disorder
				i) Stagnation of food
				ii) Spleen-Qi deficiency with retention of food
			17. Pinworms
			18. Roundworms
			19. Nocturnal enuresis
				i) Kidney-Yang deficiency
				ii) Liver-Fire
				iii) Spleen- and Lung-Qi deficiency
			20. Five flaccidities
				i) Constitutional Kidney deficiency
				ii) Constitutional Spleen deficiency
			21. Five retardations
				i) Cold Foetus
				ii) Liver- and Spleen deficiency
			22. Acute skin rash
				i) Wind-Heat at Defensive-Qi level
				ii) Heat at the Qi level
			23. Erysipelas
				i) Toxic Heat on the Exterior
				ii) Toxic Heat in the Interior
			24. Jaundice
				i) Damp-Heat
				ii) Cold-Dampness
			25. Chickenpox
				i) Wind-Heat at the Defensive-Qi level
				ii) Toxic Heat
			26. Flapping nostrils
				i) Wind-Heat in the Lung Defensive-Qi portion
				ii) Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
				iii) Lung and Kidney deficiency
			27. Mumps
				i) Invasion of Wind-Heat
				ii) Toxic Heat at the Qi level
			28. Acute convulsions
				i) Invasion of Wind with penetration of Heat at the Qi level
				ii) Phlegm-Heat
				iii) Retention of food
				iv) Shock
			29. Chronic convulsions
				i) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty-Heat
				ii) Stomach- and Spleen-Yang deficiency
				iii) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
			30. Foetus toxin
				i) Foetus-Toxin Heat
				ii) Foetus-Toxin Cold
				iii) Foetus-Toxin convulsions
				iv) Foetus-Toxin jaundice
			31. Sunken fontanelles
				i) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
				ii) Exhaustion of Qi and Fluids
			32. Raised fontanelles
				i) Toxic Heat
				ii) Cold in the Interior
			33. Late closure of fontanelles
				i) Kidney-Essence deficiency
				ii) Spleen deficiency
			34. White spots on the palate and tongue
				i) Heat in Spleen and Heart
				ii) Spleen- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
			35. Long penis
				i) Congenital Kidney-Yin deficiency
				ii) Spleen-Qi sinking
				iii) Phlegm and Blood stasis in the Lower Burner
				iv) Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
6 Identification of Patterns
	Introduction
	Identification of patterns according to internal organs
	Characteristics and points of attention in identification of patterns according to the internal organs
	91 Heart Patterns
		Chapter Contents
		1. Heart-Qi deficiency
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		2. Heart-Yang deficiency
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		3. Heart-Yang collapse
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		4. Heart-Blood deficiency
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		5. Heart-Qi and Heart-Blood deficiency
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		6. Heart-Yin deficiency
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		7. Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		8. Heart-Qi and Heart-Yin deficiency
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		9. Deficiency of both Heart-Yang and Heart-Yin
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		10. Heart-Yang deficiency with Phlegm
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		11. Heart-Qi stagnation
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		12. Heart-Fire blazing
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		13. Phlegm-Fire harassing the Heart
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		14. Phlegm misting the Mind
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		15. Heart-Blood stasis
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		16. Heart-Vessel obstruction
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		17. Water overflowing to the Heart
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		18. Turbid dampness surrounding the Heart
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		19. Combined patterns
	92 Spleen Patterns
		Chapter Contents
		1. Spleen-Qi deficiency
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		2. Spleen-Yang deficiency
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		3. Spleen-Blood deficiency
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		4. Spleen-Qi sinking
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		5. Spleen not controlling Blood
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		6. Spleen-Yin deficiency
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		7. Spleen-Yin Deficiency with Empty Heat
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		8. Cold-Dampness in the Spleen
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		9. Damp-Heat in the Spleen
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		10. Spleen-Heat
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		11. Spleen-Qi deficiency with Dampness
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		12. Spleen-Qi deficiency with Phlegm
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		13. Phlegm obstructing the Middle Burner
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		14. Yin Fire from deficiency of the Stomach and Spleen and original Qi
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		15. Combined Patterns
			a) Spleen- and Stomach-Qi deficiency
				i) Clinical manifestations
				ii) Acupuncture
				iii) Prescription
				iv) Three Treasures
			b) Spleen- and Heart-Blood deficiency
				i) Clinical manifestations
				ii) Acupuncture
				iii) Prescription
				iv) Three Treasures
			c) Spleen- and Lung-Qi deficiency
				i) Clinical manifestations
				ii) Acupuncture
				iii) Prescription
				iv) Three Treasures
			d) Spleen- and Liver-Blood deficiency
				i) Clinical manifestations
				ii) Acupuncture
				iii) Prescription
				iv) Three Treasures
			e) Obstruction of Spleen by Dampness with stagnation of Liver-Qi
				i) Clinical manifestations
				ii) Acupuncture
				iii) Prescription
	93 Liver Patterns
		Chapter Contents
		1. Stagnation of Liver-Qi
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures and Women’s Treasure
		2. Stagnant Liver-Qi turning into heat
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		3. Rebellious Liver-Qi
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		4. Liver-Yang rising
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		5. Liver-Blood stasis
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Women’s Treasure
		6. Liver-Fire blazing upwards
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		7. Damp-Heat in the liver
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Prescription
			iii) Three Treasures
		8. Damp-Heat in the Liver and gall-bladder
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		9. Liver-Wind
			a) Extreme Heat generating Wind
				i) Clinical manifestations
				ii) Acupuncture
				iii) Prescription
			b) Liver-Yang rising generating Wind
				i) Liver-Yang rising deriving from Liver-Yin deficiency
					Clinical manifestations
					Acupuncture
					Prescription
					Three Treasures
				ii) Liver-Yang rising deriving from Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
					Clinical manifestations
					Acupuncture
					Prescription
					Three Treasures
				iii) Liver-Yang rising deriving from Liver-Blood deficiency
					Clinical manifestations
					Acupuncture
					Prescription
					Three Treasures
			c) Liver-Fire generating Wind
				Clinical manifestations
				Acupuncture
				Prescription
				Three Treasures
			d) Liver-Blood deficiency giving rise to Wind
				Clinical manifestations
				Acupuncture
				Prescription
				Three Treasures
		10. Liver-Wind harbouring Phlegm
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		11. Liver-Qi stagnation with Phlegm
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		12. Liver-Blood deficiency with Phlegm
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		13. Stagnation of cold in the Liver channel
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		14. Liver-Blood deficiency
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		15. Liver-Yin deficiency
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		16. Liver-Qi deficiency
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		17. Liver-Yin deficiency with Empty-Heat
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		18. Liver Phlegm-Fire
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		19. Liver-Yang deficiency
			i) Clinical manifestations
			iii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		20. Combined patterns
			a) Rebellious Liver-Qi invading the spleen
				i) Clinical manifestations
				ii) Acupuncture
				iii) Prescription
				iv) Three Treasures
			b) Rebellious Liver-Qi invading the stomach
				i) Clinical manifestations
				ii) Acupuncture
				iii) Prescription
				iv) Three Treasures
			c) Liver-Fire insulting the lungs
				i) Clinical manifestations
				ii) Acupuncture
				iii) Prescription
			d) Liver- and Heart-Blood deficiency
				i) Clinical manifestations
				ii) Acupuncture
				iii) Prescription
				iv) Three Treasures
		End Notes
	94 Lung Patterns
		Chapter Contents
		1. Lung-Qi deficiency
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		2. Lung-Yang deficiency
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		3. Lung-Yin deficiency
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three treasures
		4. Lung-Yin deficiency with empty heat
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		5. Lung-QI and Lung-Yin deficiency
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		6. Lung-Dryness
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		7. Invasion of Lungs by Wind-Cold
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		8. Invasion of Lungs by Wind-Heat
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		9. Invasion of Lungs by Wind-Dryness
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		10. Invasion of Lungs by Wind-Water
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		11. Lung-Heat
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		12. Damp-Phlegm in the Lungs
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		13. Cold-Phlegm in the Lungs
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		14. Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		15. Phlegm-Dryness in the Lungs
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		16. Phlegm-Fluids in the Lungs
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		17. Lung-Qi deficiency with Phlegm
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		18. Lung-Yin deficiency with Phlegm
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		19. Lung-Qi stagnation
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		20. Lung-Qi collapse
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		21. Combined patterns
			a) Lung- and Heart-Qi deficiency
				i) Clinical manifestations
				ii) Acupuncture
				ii) Prescription
	95 Kidney Patterns
		Chapter Contents
		1. Kidney-qi deficiency
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		2. Kidney-yang deficiency
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		3. Kidney-yin deficiency
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		4. Kidney-yin deficiency with empty heat
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		5. Kidney-yang and kidney-yin deficiency (kidney-yin and kidney-yang deficiency – predominance of kidney-yin deficiency)
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		6. Kidney-yin and kidney-yang deficiency – predominance of kidney-yang deficiency
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		7. Kidney-qi not firm
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		8. Kidneys failing to receive qi
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		9. Kidney-essence deficiency
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		10. Kidney-yang deficiency, water overflowing
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		11. Kidney-yin deficiency, empty heat blazing
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		12. Kidney-yin deficiency with phlegm
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		13. Combined patterns
		14. Kidney-yin and liver-yin deficiency
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		15. Kidney-yin and liver-yin deficiency with empty-heat
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		16. Kidney and heart not harmonized (kidney-yin and heart-yin deficiency with heart empty-heat)
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		17. Kidney-yin and lung-yin deficiency
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		18. Kidney-yin and lung-yin deficiency with empty-heat
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		19. Kidney-yang and spleen-yang deficiency
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
	96 Small Intestine Patterns
		Chapter Contents
		1. Full-Heat in the Small Intestine
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		2. Small Intestine Qi pain
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		3. Small Intestine Qi tied
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		4. Small Intestine deficient and Cold
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		5. Infestation of worms in the Small Intestine
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
	97 Stomach Patterns
		Chapter Contents
		1. Stomach-Qi deficiency
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		2. Stomach deficient and Cold (Stomach-Yang Deficiency)
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		3. Stomach-Yin deficiency
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		4. Stomach-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		5. Deficiency of Stomach-Yin and Stomach-Yang
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		6. Stomach-Qi stagnation
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		7. Blood Stasis in the Stomach
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		8. Stomach-Heat
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		9. Stomach-Fire
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		10. Stomach Phlegm-Fire
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		11. Stomach Damp-Heat
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		12. Cold invading the Stomach
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		13. Stomach-Qi rebelling upwards
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		14. Retention of food in the Stomach
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
	98 Gall-Bladder Patterns
		Chapter Contents
		1. Damp-heat in the gall-bladder and liver
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		2. Damp-heat in the gall-bladder
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		3. Damp-cold in the gall-bladder
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		4. Gall-bladder heat
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		5. Gall-bladder deficient
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		6. Stagnation of the gall-bladder with phlegm-heat
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
	99 Large Intestine Patterns
		Chapter Contents
		1. Damp-heat in the Large Intestine
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		2. Heat in the Large Intestine
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		3. Heat obstructing the Large Intestine
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		4. Cold invading the Large Intestine
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		5. Large Intestine Dryness
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		6. Large Intestine Cold
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		7. Dampness in the Large Intestine
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		8. Large Intestine deficient and Cold
			i) Clinical Manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		9. Large Intestine deficient and Damp
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		10. Collapse of Large Intestine
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
	100 Bladder Patterns
		Chapter Contents
		1. Damp-heat in the bladder
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
			iv) Three Treasures
		2. Damp-cold in the bladder
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
		3. Bladder deficient and cold
			i) Clinical manifestations
			ii) Acupuncture
			iii) Prescription
Appendices
	Appendix 1 Case Histories: Index
	Appendix 2 Prescriptions
		Note
		Ai fu nuan gong wan
		An shen ding zhi wan
		Ba xian chang shou wan
		Ba zhen tang
		Ba zheng san
		Bai he gu jin tang
		Bai hu tang
		Bai tou weng tang
		Ban xia hou po tang
		Ban xia tang
		Bao he wan
		Bao yin jian
		Bao yuan tang
		Bei mu gua lou san
		Bu fei tang
		Bu gan tang
		Bu shen gu chong wan
		Bu shen yang xue tang
		Bu zhong yi qi tang
		Cang er bi dou yan fang
		Cang fu dao tan wan
		Chai hu shu gan tang
		Chang tai bai zhu san
		Chen xiang jiang qi tang (stomach-qi stagnation)
		Da bu yin wan
		Da bu yuan jian
		Da ding feng zhu
		Dan shen yin
		Dan zhi xiao yao san
		Dang gui shao yao san
		Dang gui si ni tang
		Dang gui ji xue teng tang
		Dang gui long hui wan
		Dang gui gui zhi tang
		Dao chi qing xin tang
		Dao chi san
		Di sheng tang
		Di tan tang
		Ding xiang shi di tang
		Duo ming san
		E jiao ji zi huang tang
		Empirical prescription by dr chen jia xu for liver-qi deficiency
		Er chen tang
		Er zhi wan
		Fo shou san
		Fu tu dan
		Fu zi li zhong wan
		Gan cao gan jiang tang
		Gan lu xiao du dan
		Ge gen qin lian tang
		Ge xia zhu yu tang
		Gu tai jian
		Gui pi tang
		Gui shen wan
		Gui zhi fu ling wan
		Gui zhi tang
		Gun tan wan
		Hao qin qing dan tang
		Hei shen san
		Hua chong wan
		Hua gan jian
		Huang lian e jiao tang
		Huang qi jian zhong tang
		Huo po xia ling tang
		Huo xiang zheng qi san
		Jian ling tang
		Jie du huo xue tang
		Jin gui shen qi wan
		Jin ling zi san
		Jin suo gu jing wan
		Jing fang si wu tang
		Ju he wan
		Ju pi zhu ru tang
		Li yan cha
		Li yin jian
		Li zhong an hui tang
		Li zhong tang
		Lian mei an hui tang
		Lian po yin
		Liang di tang
		Liang fu wan
		Liang ge san
		Liang shou tang
		Ling gan wu wei jiang xin tang
		Ling gui zhu gan tang
		Ling jiao gou teng tang
		Liu jun zi tang
		Liu wei di huang wan
		Long chi qing hun tang
		Long dan bi yuan fang
		Long dan xie gan tang
		Lu jiao tu si zi wan
		Ma huang tang
		Ma xing shi gan tang
		Ma zi ren wan
		Mai men dong tang
		Mu xiang liu qi yin
		Nei bu wan
		Nuan gan jian
		Ping wei san
		Qi ju di huang wan
		Qing e wan
		Qing gan tou ding tang
		Qing gu san
		Qing hai wan
		Qing hao bie jia tang
		Qing jing san
		Qing luo yin
		Qing qi hua tan tang
		Qing re an tai yin
		Qing re gu jing tang
		Qing re tiao xue tang
		Qing wei san
		Qing ying tang
		Qing zao jiu fei tang
		Qing zao run chang tang
		Qu tiao tang
		Ren shen bu fei tang
		Rou fu bao yuan tang
		San jia fu mai tang
		San miao hong teng tang
		San ren tang
		San zi yang qin tang
		Sang ju yin
		Sang piao xiao san
		Sang xing tang
		Sha shen mai dong tang
		Shao fu zhu yu tang
		Shao yao tang
		She gan ma huang tang
		Shen fu tang
		Shen ge san
		Shen ling bai zhu san
		Shen qi si wu tang
		Sheng hua tang
		Sheng mai san
		Sheng yang tang
		Sheng yu tang
		Shi pi yin
		Shi xiao san
		Shou tai wan
		Si hai shu yu wan
		Si jun zi tang
		Si mo tang
		Si ni tang
		Si wu ma zi ren wan
		Si wu tang
		Su he xiang wan
		Su zi jiang qi tang
		Suo gong zhu yu tang
		Suo quan wan
		Tao he cheng qi tang
		Tao hong si wu tang
		Tian di jian
		Tian ma gou teng yin
		Tian tai wu yao san
		Tian wang bu xin dan
		Tiao wei cheng qi tang
		Tiao zheng san
		Tong you tang
		Tu si zi wan
		Wei ling san
		Wei ling tang
		Wen dan tang
		Wen pi tang
		Wen yang bu gan jian
		Wu hu tang
		Wu ling san
		Wu mei wan
		Wu ren wan
		Wu yao san
		Wu zhu yu tang
		Wu zi yan zong wan
		Xi jiao di huang tang
		Xiang leng wan
		Xiao chai hu tang
		Xiao jian zhong tang
		Xiao qing long tang
		Xiao yao san
		Xie bai san
		Xie huang san
		Xie xin tang
		Xin yi qing fei yin
		Xing su san
		Xuan fu dai zhe tang
		Xue fu zhu yu tang
		Yan hu suo tang
		Yang yin qing fei tang
		Yi gan san
		Yi guan jian
		Yi jia zheng qi san
		Yi wei tang
		Yi yin jian
		Yin chen hao tang
		Yin jia wan
		Yin qiao san
		You gui wan
		Yu nu jian
		Yue ju wan
		Zeng ye tang
		Zhen gan xi feng tang
		Zhen ren yang zang tang
		Zhen wu tang
		Zheng qi tian xiang san
		Zhi bo di huang wan
		Zhi gan cao tang
		Zhi shi dao zhi wan
		Zhi shi gua lou gui zhi tang
		Zhu ye shi gao tang
		Zuo gui wan
		Zuo gui yin
		Zuo jin wan
	Appendix 3 History of Diagnosis in Chinese Medicine
		Pulse diagnosis
			Pulse diagnosis in early times
				Bian Que
				Ma Wang Dui texts
			The Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine (Huang Qi Nei Jing Su Wen)
			Pulse diagnosis in Han, Jin, Sui and Tang dynasties
				Yi Chun Yu
				Pulse diagnosis in the ‘Classic of Difficulties’ (Nan Jing)
				Zhang Zhong Jing
				The ‘Pulse Classic’ (Mai Jing)
				The ‘Thousand Golden Ducats Prescriptions’ (Qian Jin Fang)
			Pulse diagnosis in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties
			Pulse diagnosis in modern times
		Channel diagnosis
			Observation of the thenar eminence
			Observation of the ear
			Plucking of the vein in the inner leg
			Observation of sublingual veins
			Observation of the index finger in babies
				Origin of observation of the index finger in babies
				Observation of the index finger in the Song and Yuan dynasties
				Observation of the index finger in babies during the Ming and Qing dynasties
				Observation of the index finger in babies in modern times
		Tongue diagnosis
			Warring States period (475–221bc)
			Han Dynasty (206bc–ad220)
			Sui and Tang dynasties (ad581–907)
			Song, Jin and Yuan dynasties (960–1368)
			Ming and Qing dynasties (1368–1911)
			Modern times
		End Notes
	Appendix 4 The Classics Of Chinese Medicine
		The Yellow Emperor’s Classic Of Internal Medicine (between 300 and 100 BC, Warring States Period, Qin and Han dynasties)
			Huang Di Nei Jing
		The classic of difficulties (ca. 100 BC, Han dynasty)
			Nan Jing
		Essential prescriptions of the golden chest (AD 220, Han dynasty)
			Jin Gui Yao Lue
		The Pulse Classic (AD 280, Three Kingdoms Period)
			Mai Jing
		Discussion of the origin of symptoms in diseases (AD 610, Sui dynasty)
			Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun
		Thousand golden ducats prescriptions (AD 652, Tang dynasty)
			Qian Jin Yao Fang
		Discussion on Stomach and Spleen (1249, Song dynasty)
			Pi Wei Lun
		Qi Jing Ba Mai Kao (1578, Ming dynasty)
			A Study of the Eight Extraordinary Vessels
		A study of the pulse by the pin hu lake master (1578, Ming dynasty)
			Pin Hu Mai Xue
		Compendium of acupuncture (1601, Ming dynasty)
			Zhen Jiu Da Cheng
		Classic of categories (1624, Ming dynasty)
			Lei Jing
		Jing Yue Quan Shu (1624, Ming dynasty)
			Complete Book of Jing Yue
		An explanation of the acupuncture points (1654, Qing dynasty)
			Jing Xue Jie
		Yi Zong Jin Jian (1742, Qing dynasty)
			Golden Mirror of Medicine
		Discussion on blood patterns (1884, Qing dynasty)
			Xue Zheng Lun
		End Notes
Pinyin-English Glossary of Chinese Terms
	General
	Symptoms and signs
	Disease-symptoms
	Vital substances
	Emotions
	Channels and points
	Pulse positions
	Pulse qualities
	Methods of treatment
	Pathogenic factors
Bibliography
Chinese Chronology
Index
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