Conversation and Cognition

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Dedication......Page 7
Contents......Page 9
Contributors......Page 11
Acknowledgements......Page 13
Transcription conventions......Page 15
Overview......Page 17
1. Questions of cognition and interaction......Page 20
The term cognition......Page 21
Philosophical precursors to cognitive science: Descartes and Locke......Page 22
3. Modern cognitive science......Page 25
Information theory and artificial intelligence: Shannon, Turing and Marr......Page 26
Linguistics as a vision of competence: Chomsky and Skinner......Page 28
Modules and representations: Miller and Fodor......Page 30
Internal critiques and developments: Connectionism and situated cognition......Page 31
4. Interactional research and cognition......Page 34
Seven points of potential contrast between cognitive science and interaction studies......Page 35
Sacks, talk and cognition......Page 39
Schegloff and socially shared cognition......Page 41
Suchman and situated actions......Page 44
6. Discursive psychology and cognition......Page 46
1. Script formulations......Page 47
2. Shared knowledge......Page 50
7. Contributions to this book......Page 53
1. Sanders: testing 'observations'......Page 54
2. Coulter: language without mind......Page 55
3. Pomerantz: using video stimulated comments......Page 56
4. Schaeffer and Maynard: interaction and 'cognitive processing' in survey interviews......Page 57
5. Hopper: a cognitive agnostic in conversation analysis......Page 58
6. Drew: is confusion a state of mind......Page 60
7. Heritage: cognition in discourse......Page 61
8. Wooffitt: from process to practice......Page 62
9. Lynch and Bogen: my memory has been shredded......Page 64
10. Edwards and Potter: discursive psychology, mental states and descriptions......Page 65
Plans, strategies and the language of mind......Page 66
Moments of mind reading......Page 68
The study of mind in action......Page 69
Acknowledgement......Page 70
2 Validating 'observations' in discourse studies: A methodological reason for attention to cognition......Page 73
Attention to cognition......Page 75
Motivation to produce the action in question......Page 78
'Motivation' attributable to the speaker as a reasonable person......Page 80
Observational claims and issues of 'could'......Page 85
Illustrative cases......Page 86
A toddler's interaction......Page 87
An adult's interaction......Page 91
NOTES......Page 93
Introduction......Page 95
The 'telementational' myth......Page 96
Malcolm's 'non-ratiocinative' account of language......Page 98
'Interpretation' and linguistic comprehension......Page 101
Discursive practices and 'cognitive processes'......Page 103
Conclusion......Page 107
4 Using participants' video stimulated comments to complement analyses of interactional practices......Page 109
Assumptions about cognition......Page 110
Purpose of using comments as data......Page 112
What is inferred from the participants' comments: issues of validity......Page 114
How can comments be useful in conversation analytic studies?......Page 118
Discussion......Page 125
NOTES......Page 129
5 From paradigm to prototype and back again: interactive aspects of 'cognitive processing' in standardized survey interviews......Page 130
The analysis and data......Page 133
The Question as it is to be read: paradigmatic sequences......Page 135
Respondents' solicitations of interviewer help......Page 136
Interviewers' offers of help for answering questions......Page 140
Conclusion......Page 145
Acknowledgements......Page 147
NOTES......Page 148
Introduction......Page 150
The seductiveness of 'before'......Page 151
Conversation analysts on talk and strategy......Page 153
Evidence from a series of events......Page 156
Strategies in the LBJ congratulation calls......Page 158
Conclusions......Page 165
Appendix......Page 167
NOTES......Page 174
Introduction......Page 177
Mental States as an interactional resource......Page 181
Cognition in interaction......Page 182
Confusion......Page 187
The 'meanings' of mental predicates......Page 195
Salience to participants......Page 196
Conclusion......Page 197
NOTES......Page 198
Portraying cognitive process......Page 200
Cognitive process as an interactional event......Page 204
Grasping the meaning of referents......Page 210
Tracking the ownership of knowledge: Oh-prefaced turns in second position......Page 212
Discussion: informational terrain and cognitive process in conversation......Page 216
NOTES......Page 218
Flashbulb memory......Page 219
Describing anomalous human experiences......Page 224
Contrastive organization and narrative development......Page 229
'X' formulations and scepticism......Page 231
Insertions in the 'I was just doing X...when Y' device......Page 233
Ecological validity of data......Page 236
The functions of memory formulations......Page 238
Towards a 'grammar' of memorial expression......Page 239
Conclusion......Page 240
NOTES......Page 241
Introduction......Page 242
Investigating everyday cognition......Page 243
(1) National scandals and perspicuous phenomena......Page 244
(2) Contextual organizations of memory in testimony......Page 245
(3) Assessments of 'mind' as internal to dialogue......Page 246
The 'contra-mantra': non-recall and plausible deniability......Page 247
The social logic of memory......Page 248
Counterfactual conditionals and the moral grammar of recall......Page 251
Conclusion......Page 254
Introduction......Page 257
Descriptions, inferences and not knowing......Page 260
Knowing, telling and wanting......Page 262
Further uses of wanting, hoping and liking......Page 265
Some situated uses of thinking......Page 269
Discussion......Page 271
NOTES......Page 275
References......Page 276
Index......Page 295